Cancer microenvironment is complex and consists of various immune cells. There is evidence for mast cell (MC) infiltration of tumors, but their role thereof is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the effects of mast cell and their mediators on the growth of hematological cancer cells. The affect is demonstrated using RBL-2H3 MCs, and YAC-1, EL4 and L1210 as hematological cancer cell lines. Direct contact with MCs or stimulation by their mediators caused growth inhibition of YAC-1 cells, growth enhancement of EL4 cells and no change in growth of L1210 cells. This effect was confirmed by cancer cell recovery, cell viability, mitochondrial health, and cell cycle analysis. MCs showed mediator release in direct contact with tumor cells. MC mediators' treatment to YAC-1 and EL4 yielded exactly opposite modulations of survival markers, Survivin and COX-2 and apoptosis markers, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, in the two cell lines. Histamine being an important MC mediator, effect of histamine on cell recovery, survival markers and expression of various histamine receptors and their modulation in cancer cells was studied. Again, YAC-1 and EL4 cells showed contrary histamine receptor expression modulation in response to MC mediators. Histamine receptor antagonist co-treatment with MC mediators to the cancer cells suggested a major involvement of H2 and H4 receptor in growth inhibition in YAC-1 cells, and contribution of H1, H2, and H4 receptors in cell growth enhancement in EL4 cells. L1210 showed changes in the histamine receptors' expression but no effect on treatment with receptor antagonists. It can be concluded that anti-cancerous action of MCs or their mediators may include direct growth inhibition, but their role may differ depending on the tumor.
Tumor cells require signaling and close interaction with their microenvironment for their survival and proliferation. In the recent years, Mast cells have earned a greater importance for their presence and role in cancers. It is known that mast cells are attracted towards tumor microenvironment by secreted soluble chemotactic factors. Mast cells seem to exert a pro-tumorigenic role in hematological malignancies with a few exceptions where they showed anti-cancerous role. This dual role of mast cells in tumor growth and survival may be dependent on the intrinsic characteristics of the particular tumor, differences in tumor microenvironment according to tumor type, and the interactions and heterogeneity of mediators released by mast cells in the tumor microenvironment. In many studies, Mast cells and their mediators have been shown to affect tumor survival and growth, prognosis, inflammation, tumor vascularization and angiogenesis. Modulating mast cell accumulation, viability, activity and mediator release patterns may thus be important in controlling these malignancies. In this review, we emphasize on the role of mast cells in lymphoid malignancies and discuss strategies for targeting and steering mast cells or their mediators as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of these malignancies.
Dental stem cells are being studied for a wide range of diseases due to their ability to differentiate into connective, neural, muscle, bone and dental tissues. Stem cells found in teeth hold the potential to treat conditions such as type 1 diabetes, neuronal degenerative disorders like: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, cardiovascular disease, paralysis due to spinal cord injury, liver disease, stroke, heart attack, joint bone repair, periodontitis, dental caries etc.Stem cells are immature, unspecialized cells that are able to grow into specialized cell types by the process of differentiation because, they are highly potent have multidrug potential, immortal, and carry a normal karotype. Dental stem cells are present in various dental tissues, including both deciduous and permanent teeth. There are five major types of dental stem cells which are capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types including neural cells, adipocytes and odontoblast and cementum forming cells. With the discovery of dental stem cells, there is no need to rely only upon the umbilical cord for harvesting Stem cells as here's a possibility to isolate equally potent stem cells from tooth of an individual. A positive aspect is that stem cells from teeth can be easily extracted and also satisfy the ethical concerns. The present review describes this potential technique and its implication as an alternative to umbilical chord stem cell isolation and therapy.
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