The rice industry policy must be comprehensive with a scope of policy from upstream to downstream. In other words, it must cover all supply chains of the rice industry consisting of five levels, such as, the level of farmers who process rice, grain traders, rice traders, rice traders in production areas and rice traders in urban markets.The purposes of this research are (1) to identify and model the current supply chain system of the rice industry; (2) analyze the simulation of the rice industry supply chain system policy; and (3) recommend rice industry policies which provide incentives for all rice industry supply chain actors. The research method used is the case study method. The aim is to understand a phenomenon in the rice industry supply chain system in depth in West Java Province – Indonesia. The results show that the rice industry supply chain system model is a closed cycle consisting of material flow feedback in the form of grain, rice, money and information flow in the form of demand that occurs in the interaction of actors from farmers, grain traders, rice milling units (RMU), rice traders in production centers to rice traders in urban wholesale markets in Bandung and Jakarta. Every businessman in the rice industry has the same goal, which is to maximize the profits. Thus, it can potentially lead to a conflict of interest which is manifested in the desire of every businessman to sell as much as they produce at the highest possible price but this will not happen because of the limited resources they have, such as capital and the market demand they receive. The strategy of increasing production is often carried out by the government at this time which it cannot be done partially without considering other rice industry supply chain instruments. The impacts of this partial policies are farmers, collectors, rice traders and rice mills gain unstable profits and the benefits received are lower than before the production strategy and policy were implemented. The recommended policy strategy is the rice industry supply chain system should be able to guarantee the availability of sufficient rice and capable of guaranting the welfare of farmers with a policy that integrates rice farming and agro-industry production strategies, financing strategies and accessible to all levels of actors in the rice industry supply chain, human resource development strategies and rice business risk management strategies, simultaneously. The integrated policy strategy needs to be carried out since rice supply chain management is a coordinating system of material flow in the form of grain, rice, money, facilities and information flow in the form of orders or requests, knowledge and innovation.
This research aims to determine the effect of sales growth variables, asset structure, company size and cash flow stability against stock prices in manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2018. Sales growth variable is measured using sales, asset structure variable is measured using total assets, company size variable is measured using the natural logarithm of total assets and cash flow stability is measured using net income. This research uses secondary data, in the form of financial reports and other related information from the financial industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2018. The selection of this study was related to 75 companies in the manufacturing sector, with a sample of 42 companies using purposive sampling method. The data analysis method used is panel data regression analysis (common effect) with a significant level of 0.05. Based on the results, the research conducted shows that, partially the sales growth variable has no effect on stock prices, the asset structure variable has no effect on stock prices, the firm size variable has a significant effect on stock prices and the cash flow stability variable has no effect on stock prices.
Bahasa memiliki fungsi utama sebagai alat komunikasi. Setiap bahasa memiliki keunikan tersendiri serta memiliki aturan agar pemakai bahasa dapat menggunakan bahasa secara baik dan benar dalam berkomunikasi. Bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia memiliki keunikan tersendiri salah satunya mengenai modalitas. Modalitas merupakan sikap pembicara atas keterlibatannya terhadap kebenaran proposisi tuturannya. Sikap ini bisa dimarkahi dengan pemarkah leksikal yang berbeda yaitu dalam bentuk kata, frasa, atau klausa. Modalitas ada dalam tataran semantik yang berarti dapat muncul dalam semua bahasa dengan bentuk pengungkapnya masing masing. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, penelitian ini mendeskripsikan modalitas ganda dalam bahasa Inggris dan padanannya dalam bahasa Indonesia. Secara sintaksis, bentuk modalitas ganda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu verba bantu modal have to dikombinasikan dengan adverb (kata keterangan). Data penelitian ini diambil dari korpus linguistik bernama COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English). Secara semantik, hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat kombinasi antara verba bantu modal yaitu have to dan modal leksikal berupa kata keterangan yaitu surely, certainly yang merupakan pengungkap kesimpulan logis (logical necessity) dan termasuk ke dalam modalitas epistemik yang memiliki makna kepastian yang subjektif. Pengungkapan modalitas epistemik ditunjukkan oleh pemunculan kepastian penutur yang melibatkan pengetahuannya atau keyakinannnya. Dalam hal ini terlihat bahwa penutur telah menarik suatu kesimpulan dari hal-hal yang telah diketahui atau diamati sebelumnya. Padanan have to dalam bahasa Indonesia menjadi ‘seharusnya’ dan termasuk ke dalam pengungkap ekstraklausal, dimana terdapat kecenderungan penutur untuk menyatakan bahwa keharusan yang diungkapkan tersebut berasal dari dirinya sendiri, bukan dari orang lain. The main function of a language is as a communication tool. Each language is unique and governed by rules for language speakers to use the language properly and correctly in communicating. English and Indonesian are unique in the sense of modality. The modality is the speaker's attitude towards his/her involvement in the truth of his/her speech proposition. This attitude can be marked by different lexical markers in the form of words, phrases or clauses. Modality exists on semantic level which means that it can appear in all languages with their respective expressions. Using descriptive method, this study describes dual modalities in English and their equivalents in Indonesian. Syntactically, the form of double modality used in this study is the “have to” combined with adverbs. The research data was taken from a linguistic corpus called COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English). Semantically, the result of the study shows a combination between modal auxiliary verb “have to” and lexical modal in the form of adverbs “surely”, “certainly” which are expressions of logical necessity belonging to epistemic modality with subjective meaning of certainty. Disclosure of epistemic modality is demonstrated by the appearance of the certainty of the speaker who involves his/her knowledge or beliefs. In this case it appears that the speaker has drawn a conclusion from the things previously known or observed. The equivalent to “have to” in Indonesian is “seharusnya” and is included in extraclausal disclosures, where there is a tendency for the speaker to state that the expressed obligation originates from him/herself and not from others.
Modality is one of the language universal phenomena. This means that modalities can appear in all languages with their respective forms of disclosure. By using descriptive method, this research describes the futurity modalities in English and Indonesian based on its structure and meaning. The data was taken in various written language of the novel in English and in Indonesian. The results showed that the futurity modalities in Indonesian are expressed by mau, hendak, akan with meaning keteramalan and keinginan, whereas in English the futurity modality is expressed by will and shall with meaning prediction and volition (desire).
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