Digoxin did not reduce overall mortality, but it reduced the rate of hospitalization both overall and for worsening heart failure. These findings define more precisely the role of digoxin in the management of chronic heart failure.
Our study suggests that lipid-modifying dosages of niacin can be safely used in patients with diabetes and that niacin therapy may be considered as an alternative to statin drugs or fibrates for patients with diabetes in whom these agents are not tolerated or fail to sufficiently correct hypertriglyceridemia or low HDL-C levels. JAMA. 2000;284:1263-1270
In patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, continuous chest compressions during CPR performed by EMS providers did not result in significantly higher rates of survival or favorable neurologic function than did interrupted chest compressions. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ROC CCC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01372748.).
BACKGROUND
Optimal resuscitation of hypotensive trauma patients has not been defined. This trial was performed to assess the feasibility and safety of controlled resuscitation (CR) versus standard resuscitation (SR) in hypotensive trauma patients.
METHODS
Patients were enrolled and randomized in the out-of-hospital setting. 19 EMS systems in the Resuscitation Outcome Consortium participated. Eligible patients had an out-of-hospital systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≤ 90 mmHg. CR patients received 250 cc of fluid if they had no radial pulse or a SBP < 70 mmHg and additional 250 cc boluses to maintain a radial pulse or a SBP ≥ 70 mmHg. SR group patients received 2 liters initially and additional fluid as needed to maintain a SBP ≥ 110 mmHg. The crystalloid protocol was maintained until hemorrhage control or 2 hours after hospital arrival.
RESULTS
192 patients were randomized (97 CR and 95 SR). The CR and SR groups were similar at baseline. Average crystalloid volume administered during the study period was 1.0 liter (SD 1.5) in the CR group and 2.0 liters (SD 1.4) in the SR group, a difference of 1.0 liter (95% CI: 0.6 to 1.4). ICU-free days, ventilator-free days, renal injury and renal failure did not differ between groups. At 24 hours after admission, there were 5 deaths (5%) in the CR group and 14 (15%) in the SR group (adjusted odds ratio 0.39 [95% CI: 0.12, 1.26]). Among patients with blunt trauma, 24-hour mortality was 3% (CR) and 18% (SR) with an adjusted OR of 0.17 (0.03, 0.92). There was no difference among patients with penetrating trauma: 9% vs 9%, adjusted OR 1.93 (0.19, 19.17).
CONCLUSION
Controlled resuscitation is achievable in out-of-hospital and hospital settings and may offer an early survival advantage in blunt trauma. A large-scale, Phase III trial to examine its effects on survival and other clinical outcomes is warranted.
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