The accuracy offace recognition was compared with that for expressional recognition. A series of 16 pictures of faces was presented for inspection. The series comprised 8 pictures of smiling faces and 8 pictures of neutral faces. The expressions were presented in random order in Condition 1. Condition 2 involved the block presentation of expression. In a recognition test that followed 5 days later, the levels of both facial and expressional recognition were assessed. Face recognition was significantly better than expressional recognition under both conditions. In addition, Condition 1 produced significantly better expressional recognition than did Condition 2. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.Various studies have shown that features contained in the upper portion of the face are used more reliably for purposes of facial recognition and identification than lower region features are. Such studies cut across the infant, child, and adult literature.With regard to infants, Bushnell (1982) used a habituationrecovery design to show that 5-week-old babies were capable of discriminating between photographs of their mothers and of strangers. These babies were able to discriminate between mothers and strangers by processing certain contour information, specifically, the boundary separating the hair from the face. By the 19th week of age, infants came to rely on information regarding the eyes in making such discriminations. These findings were fully consistent with the face scanning data of Hainline (1978) and Maurer and Salapatek (1976). Thus, it would appear that the features located in the upper half of the face contained all of the information that infants required for face recognition. Similar findings were obtained with young children.Goldstein and Mackenberg (1966) tested kindergarten, first -, and fifth-grade children for recognition of familiar faces. The children were shown pictures of 13 of their classmates, whom they had to identify. However, each of the 13 pictures was masked in a different fashion. The highest recognition levels were obtained for pictures in which the eyes and hair were exposed in some combination, and low recognition levels were gotten with the exposure of lower region feature combinations. There have been similar findings for adults.McKelvie (1976) used a masking procedure with adults to assess their ability to recognize pictures of previously exposed unfamiliar faces. He found that whereas masking the eyes seriously impaired face recognition, masking the mouth had virtually no detrimental effect. Although it is clear in the literature that subjects perform accurately on This research is based on a dissertation that was submitted in partial fulfIllment of the doctoral requirements at St. John's University. Requests for reprints should be sent to L. Brosgole, Psychology Laboratory, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439. face recognition tasks by using features located in the upper half of the face, a question emerges with respect to the extent to which the feat...
This was a recognition study, in which only one inspection face was followed by a recognition test 5 days later. The level of facial, expressional, and mood recognition was assessed over six different conditions. Face recognition was better than expressional and mood recognition when familiar faces were used in the test phase of the study. However, the memory of the affective expression of a previously seen face was comparable to facial memory when prompted by the use of unfamiliar faces in the recognition test.Galper and Hochberg (1971) used a standard face recognition design, consisting of an inspection phase followed by a recognition test. Their test for recognition assessed both facial and expressional recognition over a series of trials. They found that face recognition was significantly better than expressional recognition.
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