Four studies examine the strength of feelings of White guilt, the relationship between White guilt and possible antecedents to this guilt, and the consequences of White guilt for attitudes toward affirmative action. Even though mean White guilt tended to be low, with the mean being just below the midpoint of the scale, the range and variability confirms the existence of feelings of White guilt for some. White guilt was associated with more negative personal evaluations of Whites and the theoretical antecedents of stronger beliefs in the existence of White privilege, greater estimates of the prevalence of discrimination against Blacks, and low prejudice against Blacks. Finally, results indicate that White guilt mediated the relationship from White privilege and beliefs about the prevalence of discrimination to attitudes toward affirmative action, and both White guilt and prejudice independently predicted attitudes toward affirmative action.

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Introduction of artificial light into wildlife habitat represents a rapidly expanding form of human encroachment, particularly in coastal systems. Light pollution alters the behavior of sea turtles during nesting; therefore, long-wavelength lights-low-pressure sodium vapor and bug lights-that minimize impacts on turtles are required for beach lighting in Florida (U.S.A.). We investigated the effects of these two kinds of lights on the foraging behavior of Santa Rosa beach mice ( Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus). We compared patch use and giving-up densities of mice for experimental food patches established along a gradient of artificial light in the field. Mice exploited fewer food patches near both types of artificial light than in areas with little light and harvested fewer seeds within patches near bug lights. Our results show that artificial light affects the behavior of terrestrial species in coastal areas and that light pollution deserves greater consideration in conservation planning.Resumen: La introducción de luz artificial al hábitat de vida silvestre representa una forma de intrusión humana que se expande rápidamente, particularmente en sistemas costeros. Durante la anidación, la polución por luz altera el comportamiento de tortugas marinas; por tanto, para la iluminación de playas en Florida (E. U. A) se requieren luces de longitud de onda larga -luces de vapor de sodio de baja presión y contra insectos -que minimizan impactos sobre las tortugas. Investigamos los efectos de estos dos tipos de luces sobre el comportamiento de forrajeo de ratones de playa de Santa Rosa ( Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus). Comparamos el uso de parches y las densidades de rendición de ratones en parches alimenticios experimentales establecidos a lo largo de un gradiente de luz artificial en el campo. Los ratones utilizaron menos parches de forrajeo cercanos a ambos tipos de luz artificial que enáreas con poca iluminación y cosecharon menos semillas en parches cercanos a luces contra insectos. Nuestros resultados muestran que la luz artificial afecta el comportamiento de especies terrestres enáreas costeras y que la polución por luz merece mayor consideración en la planificación de la conservación.Palabras Clave: comportamiento de forrajeo, iluminación artificial, polución por luz, ratones de playa (Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus)

There is a developmental shift in perceptions of peer support. Increased perceptions of peer and family support overall may not result in improved metabolic control. Social support interventions should focus on the types of support that are most highly associated with positive health outcomes.

This study examined the relations among optimism, coping, functional status, and psychological adjustment in 75 adults diagnosed with cancer. Both the positive and the negative aspects of psychological adjustment were assessed. All participants had been diagnosed with advanced stages of cancer (i.e., Stages II, III, and IV). Participants completed three assessments across a 4-month time period. Both optimism and coping were associated with psychological adjustment, even after controlling for functional status and prior adjustment. Additionally, optimism and coping were differentially related to distress and well-being. Optimism was strongly and positively associated with well-being and inversely related to distress. Escape-Avoidance coping was positively associated with distress and Accepting Responsibility coping was negatively associated with well-being. Comparisons between the current and prior studies indicated that individuals who are diagnosed with more advanced stages of cancer or who have survived bone marrow transplantation exhibit higher levels of optimism than do healthy individuals and individuals with early-stage disease.

AIMSTo evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of odanacatib (ODN), a cathepsin K inhibitor, in humans. METHODSTwo double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single oral dose studies were performed with ODN (2-600 mg) in 44 healthy volunteers (36 men and eight postmenopausal women). RESULTSAdverse experiences (AEs) with single doses of ODN were transient and mild to moderate, with the exception of one severe AE of gastroenteritis. Headache was the most frequent AE. After absorption of ODN (initial peak concentrations 4-6 h postdose), plasma concentrations exhibited a monophasic decline, with an apparent terminal half-life of 40-80 h. The area under the curve0-24 hours (AUC0-24 h), concentration at 24 hours (C24 h) and maximum concentration (Cmax,overal) increased in a less than dose-proportional manner from 2 to 600 mg. Administration of ODN with a high-fat meal led to~100% increases in AUC0-24 h, Cmax,day1, Cmax,overall and C24 h relative to the fasted state, while administration with a low-fat meal led to a~30% increase in those parameters. Reduction of biomarkers of bone resorption, the C-and N-telopeptides of cross-links of type I collagen, (CTx and NTx, respectively), was noted at 24 h for doses Ն5 mg and at 168 h postdose for Ն10 mg. In postmenopausal women administered 50 mg ODN, reductions in serum CTx of -66% and urine NTx/creatinine (uNTx/Cr) of -51% relative to placebo were observed at 24 h. At 168 h, reductions in serum CTx (-70%) and uNTx/Cr (-78%) were observed relative to baseline. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling characterized the ODN concentration/ uNTx/Cr relation, with a modeled EC50 value of 43.8 nM and~80% maximal reduction. CONCLUSIONSOdanacatib was well tolerated and has a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile suitable for once weekly dosing.

Results suggest that mother-adolescent conflict would be an appropriate target for psychosocial interventions.

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