Harvesting of a vascular pedicle flap from the MT is feasible, albeit technically demanding. It should be considered as an alternative for the reconstruction of small defects of the fovea ethmoidalis, planum, and sella, particularly for patients for whom a reconstruction with vascularized tissue is desirable but the nasoseptal flap is not available.

No abstract

No abstract

Determining the effect of varicoceles on future fertility is challenging owing to multiple issues in children/adolescents, including: limitations in obtaining and interpreting semen analyses; potential for unequal differential testicular growth during puberty regardless of varicocele presence; and the potential for a lengthy interval between surgical intervention for varicocele in adolescence and attempts at paternity. This review presents a summary and evaluation of the available evidence relating to future fertility among children and adolescents with varicoceles. Data relating to proxy fertility measures in children/adolescents, including testicular size asymmetry and semen analysis abnormalities, demonstrate that these proxy measures are imperfect predictors of future fertility. Two large, recently published series of adolescents undergoing varicocele treatment showed conflicting paternity outcomes. Pediatric and adolescent varicocele will remain a clinical conundrum, subject to both over- and under-treatment, until more definitive prospective data are available.

No abstract

Compared to our previous cohort of patients with similar volume but shorter followup, our assumption that channel associated complications cluster postoperatively and then decrease significantly was correct. Our current and more detailed series demonstrates that the rate of postoperative complications decreases with time. However, with longer followup patients continue to experience lower grade events requiring fewer interventions.

No abstract

OBJECTIVES: Seventeen states do not provide Medicaid coverage for neonatal male circumcision, despite American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations supporting access for families that choose it. Our study objectives were to (1) compare state-specific trends in neonatal circumcision to previously established estimates and (2) assess the impact of changes in Medicaid coverage of the procedure. METHODS:The State Inpatient Databases were used to determine rates of neonatal male circumcision in 4 states (CO, FL, MI, and NY) at 4 time points (2001, 2006, 2011, 2016). Neonatal circumcision was defunded by Medicaid in Florida (2003) and Colorado (2011). A multivariable logistic regression model was created to assess associations between patient and state characteristics and odds of neonatal circumcision.RESULTS: Overall, 54.5% of neonates underwent circumcision. States where Medicaid defunded neonatal circumcision revealed a decrease in circumcision rates in subsequent years (47.4% to 37.5% in FL; 61.9% to 52.0% in CO). Neonates with private insurance had higher odds of circumcision compared with those with public insurance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.21-2.25). When Medicaid coverage was available, Black neonates had higher odds of circumcision compared with white neonates (aOR 1.44; 95% CI 1.42-1.46). When Medicaid coverage was not available, Black neonates had lower odds compared with white neonates (aOR 0.40; 95% CI 0.39-0.41).CONCLUSIONS: State-specific data reveal trends in neonatal circumcision similar to previous national estimates. Colorado and Florida revealed 20.9% and 16.0% reductions in neonatal circumcision rates, respectively, after defunding. Black neonates appeared to be disproportionately affected by changes in Medicaid coverage.WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: The American Academy of Pediatrics supports access to neonatal circumcision, yet 17 states do not offer Medicaid coverage for the procedure. Neonatal circumcision rates have been decreasing modestly in the United States because of factors including cost and access.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: In this study, we assess the impact of discontinuation of Medicaid funding for neonatal circumcision on rates of neonatal circumcision in different racial and/or ethnic groups. Black neonates are disproportionately impacted by these changes in Medicaid policy when compared with other racial and/or ethnic groups.