More than 300 related studies were reviewed. However, the level of evidence in most cases is at Cochrane level 4 or 5, indicating the need for further research. Forty-three recommendations are presented that include, but are not limited to, endorsement of a shared decision-making model, early and repeated care conferencing to reduce family stress and improve consistency in communication, honoring culturally appropriate requests for truth-telling and informed refusal, spiritual support, staff education and debriefing to minimize the impact of family interactions on staff health, family presence at both rounds and resuscitation, open flexible visitation, way-finding and family-friendly signage, and family support before, during, and after a death.

Career Family Conflict CFC* The incompatible pressures that career demands and family life can place on individuals across their experience in the IS field Duxbury and Higgins 1991 Continuance Commitment to the IS Profession CCISP Derived from the perceived cost of leaving the profession. Meyer et al. 2002 Control of Career CTRL* "Reflects the extent to which individuals believe they can predict and influence the direction of theircareers"; involves the control over one's career path. Ito and Brotheridge 2001, p. 410; Hartline and Ferrell 1996 Exhaustion EXH The key component of burnout; feeling mentally fatigued or emotionally overextended.

A two-construct taxonomy is used to define the essential elements of object orientation through analysis of existing literature.

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