Lamassé, Stéphane et Gaëtan Bonnot, éd. 2019. Dans les dédales du Web. Historiens en territoires numériques. Paris : Éditions de la Sorbonne. 276 p. histoire, Web, histoire des humanités numériques, historiographie, archives history, Web, history of the digital humanities, historiography, archives humanités numériques Stéphane Lamassé et Gaëtan Bonnot (éd.), Dans les dédales du Web. Historiens en territoires numériques Entrées d'index MOTS-CLÉS :
En 1837, une galerie de zoologie flambant neuve est ouverte au sein du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Lyon. Le discours inaugural de ce nouveau lieu de savoir lyonnais est prononcé par le Premier adjoint au maire, M. Chinard. L'événement de l'ouverture de la galerie marque une étape dans l'histoire du Muséum d'histoire naturelle, en projet depuis l'époque révolutionnaire. En confrontant le discours d'inauguration empreint d'idéal à la fabrique concrète de la Galerie, cet article met au jour les modalités d'inscription d'une collection naturaliste dans un espace d'exposition tout en montrant le passage du lieu de savoir idéal au milieu de savoir et son universalité fabriquée.
The naturalist’s field is often taken as a romanticized place of awe and wonder or a side activity to scientific work. This special issue seeks to establish the field as neither the origin nor the end of knowledge production. By situating nature, we seek to escape a romanticized conception of fieldwork and argue that the field is not a simple backdrop to knowledge production, nor one step in an idealized scientific protocol. Rather, the field is a space co-produced from entangled interactions between society and environment. Paying specific attention to field practices of collecting opens a critical view of narratives of idealized hardship of exploration in distant terrains. By reconnecting the history of natural history to the contingencies and agencies of fieldwork, we contribute to the contextualization of the production of knowledge about nature. Working towards better political and social definitions and delineations of the field is essential to addressing these gaps in the narrative, particularly in the long nineteenth century when nationalist, imperial and colonial rationales infused field practices. The question of the field is also that of the conditions of amassing collections. At a time of environmental crisis, when museums and collections are set up as protective temples of biodiversity, it seems crucial to question the conditions of the making of their collections and to place them in their contexts and histories. Bringing to light the political and social implications of collecting and collections, we argue, encourages serious reflection on the non-neutrality of museums and collections.
Frédéric Cailliaud ran the Natural History Museum of Nantes from 1836 to 1869. An explorer, Egyptologist, geologist, and public political figure, Cailliaud’s profile resists any attempt at categorization, yet a common denominator of his activities is the production of knowledge about nature. As an employee of the Nantes municipality, Cailliaud’s activities, especially fieldwork, intersected with administrative demands. This did not make him the puppet of standardizing bureaucratic forces. Rather, the term bureaucracy is used in this article as an epistemic category to reassess the role of instrumental changes in scientific knowledge production as it was increasingly integrated into public administration. Focusing on Cailliaud’s papers (notes, manuscripts, publications) and the place of fieldwork in them, this article seeks to cast light on the material and relational dimensions of knowledge production in a nineteenth-century provincial museum. In doing so, I seek to reassess the place of bureaucratic work in the production of geological knowledge and argue that the field and the office were not “separate worlds.” Instead, the exploration of their entanglements complexifies our understanding of knowledge production in the nineteenth century.
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