Resumo -O objetivo do presente trabalho é contribuir à discussão sobre inventários florestais de abrangência regional e nacional, com enfoque em suas metodologias e em sua execução. O Inventário Florístico Florestal de Santa Catarina (IFFSC), iniciativa do governo estadual, foi concebido em 2003 para atender exigências da legislação ambiental. Após o inventário-piloto em 2005, a metodologia foi adequada em 2007 de acordo com a proposta do Inventário Florestal Nacional (IFN-BR), à época, sob discussão. O IFFSC, em execução desde 2007, abrange todas as regiões fitoecológicas, incluindo levantamento florístico (coleta de amostras das espécies férteis encontradas no interior e entorno dos fragmentos visitados) e levantamento de epífitas vasculares por equipes especializadas. A distribuição das unidades amostrais é sistemática, a partir de uma grade de pontos com distância de 10 km x 10 km, cobrindo todo o estado e de 5 km x 5 km na reduzida Floresta Estacional Decidual. O método de amostragem é o de área fixa em conglomerados compostos por quatro subunidades com área de 1.000 m² (20 m x 50 m), perpendiculares a partir de um ponto central. As abordagens metodológicas e operacionais são discutidas a partir do trabalho efetuado entre 2007 e 2010. O aumento da intensidade amostral e a diminuição dos limites de inclusão de diâmetro e altura nos estratos arbóreo e da regeneração, em relação à proposta do IFN-BR, bem como a realização do levantamento florístico mostraram-se importantes para o registro da diversidade vegetal das florestas catarinenses. Termos para indexação:Abstract -The purpose of this study is to contribute to the discussion on regional and national forest inventories, aiming mainly on aspects of methodos and operational. The Floristic and Forest Inventory of Santa Catarina State (IFFSC) is an initiative of the state government and it was conceived in order to attend requirements of environmental laws. A pilot inventory took place in 2005; then the methodology was fitted to the proposal of the National Forest Inventory (IFN-BR) in discussion at the time. IFFSC is carried out since 2007 in all natural forest formations all over the state's territory, including floristic sampling (collection of fertile trees, shrubs and herbs within the sample unit and in its surroundings) and survey of vascular epiphytes by specialized crews. The inventory applies a systematic sampling, with sample units containing clusters of four crosswise 1,000 m² plots (20 m x 50 m), distributed systematically at the intersections of a 10 km x 10 km grid all over the state's territory (a 5 km x 5 km grid is applied on highly fragmentized Seasonal Deciduous Forests). Methodological details and some important operational issues are discussed beyond the four years experience of IFFSC. Major sampling intensity and lower diameter and height thresholds (in the arboreal and regeneration strata) than in the nationwide inventory proposal (IFN-BR), as well as the execution of a floristic survey within and around the sample plots, showed to be imp...
This study is part of the Floristic and Forest inventory of Santa Catarina, conceived to evaluate forest resources, species composition and structure of forest remnants, providing information to update forest conservation and land use policy in Southern Brazilian State of Santa Catarina (95 000km²). in accordance to the Brazilian National Forest inventory (iFN-BR), the inventory applies systematic sampling, with 440 clusters containing four crosswise 1 000m² plots (20x50m) each, located on a 10x10km grid overlaid to land use map based on classification of SPOT-4 images from 2005. Within the sample units, all woody individuals of the main stratum (DBH≥10cm) are measured and collected (fertile and sterile), if not undoubtedly identified in field. Regeneration stratum (height>1.50m; DBH<10cm) is registered in 100m² in each sample unit. Floristic sampling includes collection of all fertile trees, shrubs and herbs within the sample unit and in its surroundings. This study performs analysis based on 92 clusters measured in 2008 within an area of 32 320km² of mixed ombrophyllous forests with Araucaria angustifolia located at the state's high plateau (500m to 1 560m above sea level at 26º00'-28º30' S and 49º13'-51º23' W). Mean density (DBH≥10cm) is 578 individuals/ha (ranging from 85/ha to 1 310/ha), mean species richness in measured remnants is 35 (8 to 62), Shannon and Wiener diversity index (H') varies between 1.05 and 3.48. Despite high total species diversity (364 Magnoliophyta, five Coniferophyta and one tree fern) and relatively high mean basal area (25.75m²/ha, varying from 3.87 to 68.85m²/ ha), the overwhelming majority of forest fragments are considered highly impacted and impoverished, mostly by logging, burning and extensive cattle farming, turning necessary more efficient protection measures. Basal area was considered an appropriate indicator for stand quality and conservation status.
Motivation Assessing biodiversity status and trends in plant communities is critical for understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of global change on ecosystems. Vegetation plots record the occurrence or abundance of all plant species co‐occurring within delimited local areas. This allows species absences to be inferred, information seldom provided by existing global plant datasets. Although many vegetation plots have been recorded, most are not available to the global research community. A recent initiative, called ‘sPlot’, compiled the first global vegetation plot database, and continues to grow and curate it. The sPlot database, however, is extremely unbalanced spatially and environmentally, and is not open‐access. Here, we address both these issues by (a) resampling the vegetation plots using several environmental variables as sampling strata and (b) securing permission from data holders of 105 local‐to‐regional datasets to openly release data. We thus present sPlotOpen, the largest open‐access dataset of vegetation plots ever released. sPlotOpen can be used to explore global diversity at the plant community level, as ground truth data in remote sensing applications, or as a baseline for biodiversity monitoring. Main types of variable contained Vegetation plots (n = 95,104) recording cover or abundance of naturally co‐occurring vascular plant species within delimited areas. sPlotOpen contains three partially overlapping resampled datasets (c. 50,000 plots each), to be used as replicates in global analyses. Besides geographical location, date, plot size, biome, elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation type, naturalness, coverage of various vegetation layers, and source dataset, plot‐level data also include community‐weighted means and variances of 18 plant functional traits from the TRY Plant Trait Database. Spatial location and grain Global, 0.01–40,000 m². Time period and grain 1888–2015, recording dates. Major taxa and level of measurement 42,677 vascular plant taxa, plot‐level records. Software format Three main matrices (.csv), relationally linked.
Este estudo é resultado da amostragem sistemática da flora da floresta ombrófila mista em Santa Catarina, realizada em 155 pontos amostrais em toda a sua extensão e permite atualizar o conhecimento sobre a ocorrência de espécies. Foram registradas 925 espécies de espermatófitas, distribuídas em 439 gêneros e 116 famílias botânicas. A família com a maior riqueza específica foi Asteraceae (119 espécies), seguida por Myrtaceae (88), Fabaceae (58) e Solanaceae (52). Dentre as famílias restantes, 34 apresentaram somente uma e outras 27 tiveram duas espécies registradas. Os gêneros com maior número de espécies foram Solanum (31 espécies), Baccharis (27), Eugenia (23), Ocotea (21) e Myrcia (19). Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Butia eriospatha (Mart. ex Drude) Becc., Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer e O. porosa (Nees & Mart.) Barroso são as espécies ameaçadas de extinção registradas. Entre todas as espécies do componente arbóreo ou arbustivo/subarbóreo, 56,5% são comuns a ambos os componentes e dentre as 194 espécies arbóreas citadas para o planalto catarinense, 157 foram amostradas pelo IFFSC. O levantamento florístico extra registrou 474 espécies de angiospermas a mais do que o levantamento nas unidades amostrais do IFFSC. O IFFSC amostrou um conjunto significativo das espécies do Domínio Floresta Atlântica. Estas coletas georreferenciadas e realizadas com uma amostragem sistemática e consistente, representam um importante avanço e atualização do conhecimento da flora de Santa Catarina. Inventários sistemáticos desta natureza são necessários às demais regiões no Sul do Brasil, para que se possa compor um banco de dados consistente e atualizado e possibilitar a implantação de políticas de conservação e manejo.
For a study area in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, the utilities of local and global forest maps in combination with poststratified and model-assisted estimators for increasing the precision of estimates of forest area were compared. Auxiliary information was in the form of local maps, the recent Global Forest Change map, and combinations of these maps. The poststratified estimators produced estimates of greater precision than the model-assisted regression estimators for maps of categorical variables, but the model assisted estimators produced estimates of greater precision for maps of continuous variables. The Global Forest Change map was the least accurate of all the maps, but it produced estimates of forest area that were similar to those for the other maps and that were more precise than if the map had not been used. Thus, the Global Forest Change map may be an attractive option if local maps are not available or cannot be constructed. The primary contributions of the study are two-fold. First, this is one of the first case studies that rigorously assess the utility of global maps for national estimation. After accumulation of a few more such studies, broader generalizations should be forthcoming. Second, a statistical basis is provided for the previously unexplained greater precision for poststratified estimators than for model-assisted estimators.Key words: logistic regression model, inference, Santa Catarina, Brazil.Résumé : Sur la base d'une zone d'étude située dans l'État de Santa Catarina au Brésil, nous avons comparé l'utilité de cartes du couvert forestier locales et mondiale combinées à des estimateurs stratifiés a posteriori ou assistés par un modèle pour augmenter la précision de l'estimation des superficies forestières. L'information auxiliaire était représentée par les cartes locales, la carte récemment produite de 'Global Forest Change' et différentes combinaisons de ces cartes. Pour les cartes à valeurs catégoriques, les estimateurs stratifiés a posteriori ont produit des estimations plus précises que les estimateurs assistés par un modèle de régression, mais, pour les cartes à valeurs continues, les estimateurs assistés par un modèle de régression ont produit des estimations de plus grande précision que les estimateurs stratifiés. La carte de 'Global Forest Change' était la moins précise de toutes les cartes mais elle a produit des estimations de la superficie forestière semblables à celles des autres cartes et plus précises que si seules les données de terrain avaient été utilisées. Par conséquent, la carte des changements du couvert forestier mondial peut être une option intéressante si les cartes locales ne sont pas disponibles ou ne peuvent être produites. Les principales contributions de cette étude résident en deux volets. Premièrement, il s'agit d'une des premières études de cas qui évalue rigoureusement l'utilité des cartes mondiales pour des estimations à l'échelle nationale. Après que d'autres études semblables auront été réalisées, il devrait être possible de géné...
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