a b s t r a c tSlum clearance and resettlement schemes have increasingly become a feature of everyday life in Brazil and the rest of the world. The right to decent housing can involve relocating slum families to places that not only fulfill the precepts of adequate housing but also enhance the self-respect and quality of life of these families. Resettlement can however also heighten their vulnerabilities. This article is the result of a study which sought to evaluate how the resettled residents of a housing complex had adapted to their new surroundings following their involuntary displacement from the slums "favelas" to a development with characteristics different from those commonly found in Brazilian social housing. The research method employed in our study used tools to collect the viewpoints of the different actors in the process, and to assess user satisfaction. The uncertainty measure was used to analyze the quantitative data. The results showed that (i) involuntary removal is not a determining factor in user satisfaction, and (ii) residents' satisfaction levels are more influenced by a number of positive factors, especially the location of the housing development and its associated services, facilities and opportunities that enhance their quality of life, than by any drawbacks arising from their forced removal from the "favelas". However, issues such as condominium management, buildings maintenance and higher costs may risk undermining the benefits of the project.
RESUMOResultado da carência de alternativas e políticas habitacionais, a favela surge como uma solução para a população de baixa renda, que compõe a maior parcela do déficit habitacional, principalmente na faixa de zero a cinco salários mínimos. Contudo, devido às condições de infraestrutura precárias, muitas vezes em área de risco ou de proteção ambiental, o deslocamento involuntário de famílias se torna muitas vezes inevitável. Mesmo nos casos de urbanização de favelas onde se pretende manter as famílias em seu local de origem, a remoção se faz necessária pelos altos índices de precariedade encontrados como áreas de risco e alta densidade habitacional e também para a realização de obras de saneamento, abertura de vias e construção de equipamentos urbanos. O presente artigo buscou na literatura internacional e nacional o impacto dos reassentamentos na vida das comunidades atingidas e se a intervenção cumpriu com um de seus propósitos que é eliminar, ou ao menos minorar, a vulnerabilidade da população foco da intervenção. Foram utilizados artigos e pesquisas de mestrado e doutorado que tratam especificamente da temática de reassentamento ou de pós-ocupação em habitação, além da publicação de órgãos internacionais e nacionais sobre o tema, como a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e o Ministério das Cidades. Observou-se que são frequentes os impactos negativos, resultado do deslocamento e que podem afetar aspectos positivos como o acesso a terra e eliminação de risco físico-natural. O trabalho visa contribuir com a discussão a cerca do tema de remoções, reassentamentos e da gestão pós-ocupação de conjuntos de Habitação de Interesse Social (HIS) principalmente frutos de deslocamentos involuntários, almejando sua sustentabilidade.Palavras-chave: deslocamento involuntário, reassentamento, gestão pós-ocupação. ABSTRACTResult of the lack of alternatives and housing policies, slums has often emerged as a solution to the lowincome population, which makes up the largest portion of the housing shortage, especially in the range of zero to five minimum wages. However, due to the poor infrastructure conditions and often in the area of risk or environmental protection,the involuntary displacement of families often becomes inevitable. Even where slum upgrading which aims to keep families in their place of origin, the removal is necessary for high levels of precariousness found as risk areas and high-density housing and also for conducting sanitation works, opening roads and construction of urban facilities. This paper aims at the international and national literature the impact of resettlement on the lives of affected communities and whether the intervention met with one of its purposes is to eliminate or at least reduce the vulnerability of the population focus of the intervention. Articles were used as well as research -level master's and doctoral dealing specifically with the issue of resettlement or post-occupancy in housing beyond the production of national and international agencies on the issue as the United Nations (UN...
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