Even though maize is an essential cereal crop for food security, many foliar diseases provide the biggest dangers to and constraints on the country's maize production, leading to low yields, particularly of highquality protein maize (QPM). As a result, Ethiopia's national maize research program has published QPM maize varieties that are suitable for the nation's highland, mid-altitude, and low moisture stress agroecologies. However, because of these and other characteristics that have restricted farmers from adopting them, the market share of these types is often low. One of the effective tools for finding the best combiners that may be employed in crosses to accumulate biotic resistance and productive alleles is general and specific combining ability study. During the 2019/2020 main season at Bako and Jimma, a line x tester analysis comprising 36 crossings produced by crossing 9 chosen maize inbred lines with 4 testers was assessed for several desirable agronomic features. The experiment's goal was to ascertain the QPM inbred lines' GCA and SCA combining prowess in relation to key foliar diseases and Ethiopia's mid-altitude agroecology. Three replications by an alpha-lattice pattern were used to analyze the crossings. Grain yield, Turicum leaf blight, Grey Leaf Spot, Common Rust Disease Severity Index, Days to Silking Interval, and Days to Maturity were all noted for study. For almost all of the qualities under study, mean squares analysis of variance revealed significant mean squares attributable to crosses. The majority of the examined traits had significant GCA mean squares attributable to lines and tests. The majority of features and the most prevalent foliar maize diseases across locations were likewise significant using SCA mean squares. The current study found that for the majority of examined variables, GCA and SCA variants were of comparable relevance. A negative and extremely significant GCA effect was seen for husk cover in the inbred lines L1, L2, L5, and L8. From this research, it can be concluded that significant foliar diseases of maize, higher performing hybrids, inbred lines with desirable GCA and cross combinations with desirable SCA effects for grain production, and other features were successfully identified.
Despite the fact that maize is a crucial cereal crop for food security, several foliar diseases are the main threats and limitations maize production in Ethiopia, resulting in low yields, particularly quality protein maize (QPM). Accordingly, national maize research program of Ethiopia has released QPM maize varieties adapted to the mid-altitude, low moisture stress and highland agro-ecologies of the country. Nonetheless, the market share of these varieties is generally small due to these reason and other features that have limited their adoption by farmers. General and specific combining ability analysis is one of the powerful instruments in identifying the best combiners that may be used in crosses to accumulate biotic resistance and productive alleles. A line x tester analysis involving 36 crosses generated by crossing 9 selected maize inbred lines with 4 testers were evaluated for different desirable agronomic traits during 2019/2020 main season at Bako and Jimma. The purpose of the experiment were to determine the GCA and SCA combining ability of QPM inbred lines, adapted to mid altitude agroecology of Ethiopia for grain yield and major foliar diseases. The crosses were evaluated in alpha lattice design replicated 3 times. For analysis of days to silking interval, days to maturity, turcicum leaf blight, grey leaf spot, common rust disease severity index, and grain yield were recorded. Analyses of variances showed significant mean squares due to crosses for almost all the traits studied. GCA mean squares due to lines and testers were significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01) for most studied traits. SCA mean squares were also significant for most attributes and major foliar maize diseases across locations. The comparative importance of GCA and SCA variances observed in the current study for most studied traits. Inbred lines L1, L2, L5 and L8 exhibited negative and highly significant GCA effects for husk cover. From this conduct it can be decided that better performing hybrids, inbred lines with desirable GCA and cross combinations with desirable SCA effects for grain yield, major foliar maize diseases and other traits were successfully identified.
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