Chiller plants (CP) are accountable for regulating the comfort levels of most indoor environments. The CP uses water as the working medium and acts as a centralized cooling system for the controlled cooling of products, in the different production environments, machine tool industries, 3D printing, packaging, heat exchanging systems and to preserve agricultural produce, dairy products, and other edible items. The CP under study is used for providing cooling to sixteen storeyed hostel building at VIT Chennai. The refrigerant used in this system is Tetra fluoro ethane (R134a). The chilled water (ChW) from the evaporator is circulated to the rooms in the hostel through the secondary circuit and the air handling unit exchanges chillness from the chilled water and finally supplies to the hostel rooms. The chilled water from the hostel returns to the evaporator in a closed loop. The cooling water (CW) from the condenser of the refrigeration system rejects heat to the cooling tower (CT). Thus the performance of the CT is directly linked to the performance of the cooling provided to the hostel rooms. The objective of this research is to predict the temperature at the outlet of the CT integrated with the CP using machine learning algorithms. The predicted values are compared with the measured values and with the values calculated theoretically. The results are analyzed using the standard metrics and are observed to be appreciable.
Mother earth provides all the necessary resources for the existence of life. Despite the rich resources of water on our planet, majority of world’s total population experiences water shortage annually. Studies have shown that with the increase of global warming, the average humidity of ambient air is rising annually. Due to the decrease of water table on land, alternative sources of acquiring potable water can be of great utility. Out of the several methods available to tap potable water, this paper aims to achieve an alternate source of receiving fresh water directly from ambient air. This process is completely different from distillation. The ambient air also comprises a majority of Nitrogen, and this N2 is used for the purpose of creating an inert environment in packaging industries and for the purpose of extinguishing fire, a multi-functional equipment has been fabricated in order to extract water, along with pure Nitrogen gas from the residual dry air. A Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system is used to separate the Nitrogen from remaining air molecules based on their relative molecular size. In the current industrial sectors, the valves required to actuate the flow of air in PSA system are controlled by PLC circuits and Cam followers. These electro-mechanical components are overpriced. In this work electronic timers are used to actuate the valve timing, which resulted in economical. The system fabricated is simple in construction and it is easy to replace the Carbon Molecular Sieves (CMS) with Zeolite Molecular Sieves in order to obtain Oxygen gas as the pure product that can be used to help Covid-19 patients using medical grade filters. The system can be scaled up with larger mass of CMS, bigger PSA towers and greater compressor power in order to increase productivity.
The continuous and increasing in volume of fossil fuels utilization leads to an alarming increase in green-house gases emissions. Consequentially, the release of toxic agents may cause detrimental health issues and aggravate global warming effects. Biofuels, due to its reduced emission effects, are found to be a potential alternate to fossil fuels, especially for their usage in internal combustion engines under certain loading conditions. The present research work aims at investigating the effects of butanol blending ratio at different biogas flow rates on the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder CI (Compression ignition) engine under Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) mode. Flow rates of biogas taken in the present study are 12 lpm and 16 lpm whereas the butanol is blended in biodiesel – DEE (Diethyl-ether) mixture at 10, 20 & 30% concentration by volume. The engine parameters analysed in the present work are brake thermal efficiency, Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC), Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Smoke emissions. Results showed that the butanol addition in the fuel reduced the NOx emissions considerably at various loads between 0.1 N-m to 15 N-m. Further increase in load resulted in knocking conditions in the engine due to multipoint ignition. Based on the experiments, it is witnessed that 30% of butanol blend in biodiesel-DEE mixture high efficiency and low smoke emissions compared to all other blends. Simultaneous reduction of NOx and smoke emissions is observed in HCCI mode.
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