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Aim: This work aimed to develop Tinospora cordifolia stem-derived carbon dots (TCSCD) for cancer cell imaging, free radical scavenging and metal sensing applications. Method: The TCSCDs were synthesized by a simple, one-step, and ecofriendly hydrothermal carbonization method and characterized for their optical properties, morphology, hydrodynamic size, surface functionality, crystallinity, stability, bacterial biocompatibility, in vitro cellular imaging, free radical scavenging and metal sensing ability. Results: The TCSCDs exhibited excellent biocompatibility with dose-dependent bioimaging results in melanoma (B16F10) and cervical cancer (SiHa) cell lines. They exerted good free radical scavenging, Fe3+ sensing, bacterial biocompatibility, photostability, colloidal dispersion stability and thermal stability. Conclusion: The results reflect the potential of TCSCDs for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

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The study aimed to enhance the solubility, dissolution, and oral bioavailability of standardized Piper longum fruits ethanolic extract (PLFEE) via fourth-generation ternary solid dispersion (SD) for melanoma therapy. With the use of solvent evaporation method, the standardized PLFEE was formulated into SD, optimized using Box-Wilson's Central Composite Design (CCD), and evaluated for pharmaceutical performance and in-vivo anticancer activity against melanoma (B16F10) bearing C57BL/6 mice. The optimized SD showed good accelerated stability, high yield, drug content, and content uniformity for bioactive marker piperine (PIP). The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis revealed its amorphous nature. The Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) revealed the compatibility of excipients with the PLFEE. The contact angle measurement and in-vitro dissolution study revealed good wetting of SD and improved dissolution profile as compared to the plain PLFEE. The in-vivo oral bioavailability of SD reflected a significant (p<0.05) improvement in bioavailability (Frel = 188.765%) as compared to plain extract. The in-vivo tumor regression study revealed the improved therapeutic activity of SD as compared to plain PLFEE. Further, the SD also improved the anticancer activity of Dacarbazine (DTIC) as an adjuvant therapy. The overall result revealed the potential of developed SD for melanoma therapy either alone or as an adjuvant therapy with DTIC.