No abstract

Amylase is a hydrolase group enzyme used in many industrial areas which operate on high temperature. Amylase can be yielded from various organisms. The most common producer of Amylase is Bacterium. Bacterium can live in many extreme environment like hot temperature environment. One of the sources of hot water is Jailolo Bay in North Maluku, on that account it requires to conduct the isolation of thermophile amolytic bacteria from the hot water source of Jailolo Bay in North Maluku Moluccas North and test its amylase activity. Water sample used in this research was taken come from the hot water source with temperature of 75°C and 6,1 water pH. This research was done by isolating the bacteria, by packing 1 mL of the water sample into an add-on medium. Then 1 mL microbe culture was disseminated to a jelly medium and incubated for two days at the temperature of 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C. The resulting Bacterium colony was then processed qualitatively into the amolytic bacterium test in the jelly medium containing 1% sago extract with Iodium. Isolates yielding wide, transparent zone in each incubation temperature were identified. Identifying the bacteria was conducted with colony morphology test, biochemical test, and the coloration of Gram. The α-amylase enzyme activity test was relied on the amount of reduction sugar (maltose) which was produced by the extract hydrolysis with DNS method using maltose as standard. The result of the research shows that the source of hot water in Jailolo Bay, North Maluku has potency to yield thermophile amolytic bacteria. The amount of isolates bacteria obtained was 68 isolates from the temperatures of 40°C, 50°C and 60°C each resulting 36, 18 and 14 isolates bacteria. Three chosen bacterium isolates (big transparent zone) from each incubation temperature are isolates 51Y222 ( 40 °C), isolates 52B23 ( 50ºC) and 52YA ( 60ºC) which owns each transparent zone of 9,11 cm; 9,13 cm and 9,20 cm. The microscopic characterization result of Gram coloration indicates that those three isolates are included as the positive Gram bacteria and in form of bacillus. Based on the colony morphology observation macroscopically, microscopically and according to the biochemical test result, isolates 51Y222, 52B23 and 52YA represent bacterium of Bacillus sp. Amolytic enzyme activity of 51Y222, 52B23 and 52YA is each 157,75 mU / mL; 124,07 mU / mL and 1315,61 mU / mL

Characterization and identification of Maitara Island clay have been carried out. This study aims to determine the types of minerals contained in the Maitara Island clay. The analytical methods used include X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the chemical composition of Maitara Island clay, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for mineralogical analysis of Maitara Island clay, Fourier Transmission Infra Red (FTIR) to determine the types of vibrations that exist between the atoms in clay minerals from Maitara Island, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine the morphology of clay minerals. XRF analysis showed that silica was the element found to dominate the clay minerals with a percentage of 40.79%. Moreover, the highest oxide component found was SiO2 with a percentage of 87.25%. XRD analysis indicated that the Maitara Island clay minerals are composed of montmorillonite, magmatite, aluminum oxide colondrum, cristobalite, lime, titanium oxide, and hematite. The results of FTIR analysis denoted the presence of silica as silanol and siloxane. SEM images showed angular grains which signified silica as the main component in the clay minerals of Maitara Island

Heavy metal contamination in soil is often a problem in living organisms. The efforts to control heavy metal contamination in soils can be done by using living organism. The phenomenon of the uptake, accumulation and storage of heavy metals in the plants’ body is known as phytoaccumulation. Phytoaccumulation research of copper metal has been carried out with application of material waste i.e. sawdust, charcoal and compost used by Ipomea reptans. The analytical method used is atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the impact of the application of organic waste material curbed the influx of copper into Ipomea reptans with the phytoaccumulation ability to control plants, sawdust, charcoal and compost of 231.1, 229.7, 196.1, and 152 mg/kg. The bioaccumulation factor value in each application is 0:33, 0:26, 0:34 and 0:19 respectively. There were significant differences between the phytoaccumulation ability of copper metals done by Ipomea reptans.