Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to look at the historical and current gender pay gap in healthcare, specifically in the field of anesthesiology, as well as discuss some of the reasons for the difference in compensation and its consequences. Future aims and directions to bridge the gap will also be explored.
Recent findings
Even though women have achieved equality in terms of admission to medical school and residency programs, disparities still exist in terms of compensation for equal or comparable work. However, institutional initiatives to close the pay gap have achieved success.
Summary
In order to improve the gender pay inequality, there needs to be continuous efforts on the institutional level for recognition of the disparity, initiation of programs for mentorship and sponsorship for female faculties, and continuous monitoring of the effect of the programs.
Purpose of reviewHypercarbia in pediatric patients is an important component of intraoperative management. Despite marked advances in medicine and technology, it is uncertain what the physiological CO 2 range in neonates, infants and small children. This data is extrapolated from the adult population. We are going to review advantages and disadvantages of CO 2 measurement techniques, causes and systemic effects of hypercarbia. We are going to discuss how to approach management of intraoperative hypercarbia.
Recent findingsAlthough physiological range in this patient population may not be fully understood, it is known that any rapid change from a child's baseline increases risks of complications. Any derangements in CO 2 are further compromised by hypoxia, hypotension, hypothermia, anemia, all of which may occur in a dynamic operating room environment.
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