This paper reports a systematic study of spatially extended atmospheric plasma (SEAP) arrays employing many parallel plasma jets packed densely and arranged in an honeycomb configuration. The work is motivated by the challenge of using inherently small atmospheric plasmas to address many large-scale processing applications including plasma medicine. The first part of the study considers a capillary-ring electrode configuration as the elemental jet with which to construct a 2D SEAP array. It is shown that its plasma dynamics is characterized by strong interaction between two plasmas initially generated near the two electrodes. Its plume length increases considerably when the plasma evolves into a high-current continuous mode from the usual bullet mode. Its electron density is estimated to be at the order of 3.7 × 10 12 cm −3 . The second part of the study considers 2D SEAP arrays constructed from parallelization of identical capillary-ring plasma jets with very high jet density of 0.47-0.6. Strong jet-jet interactions of a 7-jet 2D array are found to depend on the excitation frequency, and are effectively mitigated with the jet-array structure that acts as an effective ballast. The impact range of the reaction chemistry of the array exceeds considerably the cross-sectional dimension of the array itself, and the physical reach of reactive species generated by any single jet exceeds significantly the jet-jet distance. As a result, the jet array can treat a large sample surface without relative sample-array movement. A 37-channel SEAP array is used to indicate the scalability with an impact range of up to 48.6 mm in diameter, a step change in capability from previously reported SEAP arrays. 2D SEAP arrays represent one of few current options as large-scale low-temperature atmospheric plasma technologies with distinct capability of directed delivery of reactive species and effective control of the jet-jet and jet-sample interactions.
. Complex dynamic behaviors of nonequilibrium atmospheric dielectric-barrier discharges.Journal of Applied Physics, 100 (6), article 063304, pp. 1-9.Additional Information:• In this paper, a one-dimensional fluid model is used to investigate complex dynamic behaviors of a nonequilibrium dielectric-barrier discharge ͑DBD͒ in atmospheric helium. By projecting its evolution trajectory in the three-dimensional phase space of gas voltage, discharge current density, and electrode-surface charge density, the atmospheric DBD is shown to undergo a sequence of complex bifurcation processes when the applied voltage is increased from prebreakdown to many times of the breakdown voltage. Once the gas voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage, the discharge plasma is found to acquire negative differential conductivity and as a result its stability is compromised. For atmospheric DBD, however, the resulting low plasma stability is mitigated by a rapid accumulation of surface charges on the electrodes, thus allowing the atmospheric DBD to retain their character as a glow discharge. At certain values of the applied voltage, a highly complex phenomenon of period multiplication is observed in which the period of the discharge current is three times that of the applied voltage. This suggests that nonequilibrium atmospheric DBD may support evolution patterns that are quasiperiodic or even chaotic. These complex dynamic behaviors are likely to be critical to a full understanding of plasma stability of nonequilibrium atmospheric discharges and to the development of their instability control strategies.
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