Both treatment modalities show good symptomatic and objective results at > 2 years of follow-up. Most re-treatments were performed > or = 1 year after treatment and were based on subjective findings.

PurposeNon-diagnostic results still hinder the routine use of core biopsy (CB) and fine needle aspiration (FNA) in the diagnostic process of renal tumours. Furthermore, substantial interobserver variability has been reported. We assessed the added value of combining the results of CB and FNA by five pathologists in the ex vivo diagnosis of renal mass.MethodsTwo ex vivo core biopsies were taken followed by two FNA passes from extirpated tumours. All samples were evaluated by five blinded pathologists. A consensus diagnosis of the surgical specimen was the index for comparison. For each pathologist, the number of non-diagnostic (non-conclusive or undetermined biology and failed biopsies), correct and incorrect scored cases of each technique was assessed. When a non-diagnostic CB or FNA had a correct diagnostic counterpart, this was considered as of added value.ResultsOf the 57 assessed tumours, 53 were malignant. CB was non-diagnostic in 4–10 cases (7–17.5%). FNA established the correct diagnosis in 1–7 of these cases.FNA was non-diagnostic in 2–6 cases (3.5–10.5%), and the counterpart CB established the correct diagnosis in 1–6 of these cases.For the 5 pathologists, accuracy of CB and FNA varied between 82.5–93% and 89.5–96.5%, respectively. Combination of both types of biopsy resulted in 55–57 correct results (accuracy 96.5–100%), i.e., an increase in accuracy of 3.5–14%.ConclusionCombining the result of CB and FNA in renal mass biopsy leads to a higher diagnostic accuracy. Recommendations on which technique used should be adapted to local expertise and logistic possibilities.

In contrast with earlier results, this clinic-based urodynamic investigation was associated with a low proportion of urinary tract infection, and low objective and subjective morbidity. The combination of a urodynamic study with a flexible cysto-urethroscopy does not cause significant additional voiding complaints. Most patients find urodynamic studies tolerable and not very bothersome.

Objective To evaluate the structural relationship of the tumour foci and blood vessels. In cases with intact basement membranes, e.g. normal glands and hyperpl-distribution between tenascin (tenascin-C, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in stromal-epi-astic lesions, tenascin expression was weak. Low-and moderate-grade tumours were characterized by strong thelial interactions in both normal and pathological conditions) and laminin, an important component of tenascin expression, while laminin expression was weak and/or showed discontinuities, indicating dis-the basement membrane, in normal and neoplastic human prostate, and to establish whether changes in turbances in basement membrane composition. Highgrade tumours had sparse tenascin staining and a the basement membrane are accompanied by changes in tenascin staining. marked loss of laminin immunoreactivity. Conclusion These results indicate that periglandular ten-Materials and methods Seventy-five snap-frozen prostate samples representing normal glands, nodular benign ascin expression correlates with the integrity of the basement membrane in the human prostate. By influ-prostatic hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma were stained for tenascin. From these, 15 samples were encing stromal-epithelial interactions, tenascin may play a role in maintaining tissue homeostasis in the selected for dual-immunofluorescence staining and a confocal laser scan microscope was used to simul-prostate. Keywords Benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate carci-taneously visualize tenascin and laminin immunoreactivity.noma, tenascin, tissue remodelling, stromal-epithelial interactions, basement membrane Results Tenascin was expressed in the extracellular matrix, mainly at the periphery of the glands, in (ECM) molecules, which show variations in their tissue

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