acid) (PLA) (Anhui BBCA Group Co., Ltd., weight-average molecular weight (Da): 110 969 Da, melt index (g/10 min): 11.93, relative viscosity: 1.9) was first placed in 100 mL in a crucible and heated in a preset high temperature oven at 185 °C for 30 min. Then, the SCNSM sample was immersed in the molten PLA slurry for 3 s and quickly taken out. Finally, the samples were cooled down at room temperature to form thin PLA film on the surface then the PLA-treated SCNSM sample is obtained.

The oriented pore structure of wood endows it with a variety of outstanding properties, among which the low thermal conductivity has attracted researchers to develop wood‐like aerogels as excellent thermal insulation materials. However, the increasing demands of environmental protection have put forward new and strict requirements for the sustainability of aerogels. Here, we report an all‐natural wood‐inspired aerogel consisting of all‐natural ingredients and develop a method to activate the surface‐inert wood particles to construct the aerogel. The obtained wood‐inspired aerogel has channel structure similar to that of natural wood, endowing it with superior thermal insulation properties to most existing commercial sponges. In addition, remarkable fire retardancy and complete biodegradability are integrated. With the above outstanding performances, this sustainable wood‐inspired aerogel will be an ideal substitute for the existing commercial thermal insulation materials.

The exploration of extreme environments has become necessary for understanding and changing nature. However, the development of functional materials suitable for extreme conditions is still insufficient. Herein, a kind of nacre‐inspired bacterial cellulose (BC)/synthetic mica (S‐Mica) nanopaper with excellent mechanical and electrical insulating properties that has excellent tolerance to extreme conditions is reported. Benefited from the nacre‐inspired structure and the 3D network of BC, the nanopaper exhibits excellent mechanical properties, including high tensile strength (375 MPa), outstanding foldability, and bending fatigue resistance. In addition, S‐Mica arranged in layers endows the nanopaper with remarkable dielectric strength (145.7 kV mm−1) and ultralong corona resistance life. Moreover, the nanopaper is highly resistant to alternating high and low temperatures, UV light, and atomic oxygen, making it an ideal candidate for extreme environment‐resistant materials.