A pilot scale experiment of composting in rotting boxes used pig manure with cornstalks was carried out to study the effects of superphosphate on nitrogen and carbon losses including gas emissions. Besides control, there were five amended treatments with superphosphate addition (counted by P content) at 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 molar ratio of initial nitrogen. The results indicated that superphosphate addition decreased ammonia volatilization, total nitrogen and carbon losses in composting. Total nitrogen losses of superphosphate-amended treatments were reduced by 9.3%, 14.6%, 30.1%, 45.8% and 71.5%, respectively. About 0.8% to 1.2% of initial nitrogen lost in the form of N2O emission, and the CH4 emission accounted for less than 0.3% of initial carbon. More than 0.15 molar ratio of superphosphate in compost materials caused considerable adverse effects on degradation of organic matter.
The industrial effluents produced in petrochemical production contain kinds of pollutants and fluctuate wildly, also lead sewage plant to be impacted frequently. It is significant to develop a method that warms the effluents quality early, efficiently and accurately. As a result, it can make the biochemical devices run and manage smoothly. Based on the extreme sensitivity of Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) and Dehydrogenase Activity (DHA) to the abnormal effluents and toxicants, this study proposed a comprehensive assessment method of biodegradability and biotoxicity with Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate (SOUR) and Specific Dehydrogenase Activity (SDHA). And it also discussed the biodegradability and biotoxicity of the industrial effluents with different pH and toxicant by detecting OUR, SOUR and DHA. The results showed that, these three indexes were extremely sensitive and accurate to the effluents quality change. And the maximum concentrations of phenol, formaldehyde and carbinol that the microorganisms can allow in the industrial effluents were 350mg/L, 70mg/L and 170 mg/L. When the sewage plant was functioning normally, SOUR and SDHA fluctuations were 3.0~7.0 and 1.0~4.0 respectively. Therefore, they have important application value and prospect to early warming in the effluents quality.
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