After the Green Building Regulations in the Zhejiang Province was put into effect in May 2016, cities and prefectures in the province were given directives to set their own individual targets for the provision of green buildings. The city of Ningbo decided to use this opportunity to develop a systematic procedure, using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), to identify which allotments within the municipal area have the greatest potential of delivering green buildings, ensuring the set targets are fair and deliverable. This paper explains in detail the use of FAHP in the production of the Specific Plans for Green Buildings for the city of Ningbo in the Zhejiang Province of China. This innovative multi-faceted method incorporates the level of development in each of the 3213 land allotments in the municipal area, assessing each one for critical aspects such as environmental potential, local economic development land-use and land prices in order to determine an individual roadmap for the ratio of green buildings to be built in each region within the city. This method incorporates a scientific process, in which Pairwise Comparison Analysis was conducted for the selected criteria and aspects to determine the weighting factors and scores in each case. This allowed planners to rank all allotments in the municipal area in terms of their potential to provide green buildings, and thus make the setting of targets to provide these accordingly. This approach breaks away from the traditional method which relies on simple estimation, which is often unjustified. Over the two years since this method was introduced, the effects had been positive, within all the allotments abiding to the set targets. Other cities and regions in China, such as the provinces of Liaoning and Hebei, have also adopted this process. The Specific Plans for Green Buildings in Ningbo also include the adoption rate of prefabricated buildings and the mandatory date for when by which new residential buildings should be fully-furnished before they are sold (this is not currently the case in most residential buildings in China). These aspects are also discussed in this paper.
The most important step of building a new airport is site selection. Before selecting the new airport site, Airport planners should study many factors and rank the various sites. In fact, airport site selection is a complex multi-objective optimization problem, which involves a variety of factors. Taking “the civil airport construction and management requirements” as a foundation, the paper has screened and expanded the influence factors of selecting the civil airport site and constructed site appraisal system, and put forward the DAGF model,which constructed Evaluation System by improved Delphi method, obtained weighted matrix by AHP, analyzed experts score by gray correlation and got evaluation findings by Fuzzy evaluating. Meanwhile the paper has compiled the procedure of the computation process with MATLAB. Finally the research results has been applied to the selecting site of the second Capital airport in practice and obtained the satisfactory result. Therefore the paper constructed the comprehensive evaluation model, which provides the effective method for selecting the civil airport site, and makes the site selection more scientific, more reasonable and simpler. It has the extremely important reference significance and the instructional function to select the optimal airport site.
Temperature control is an important limitation to further increase in geotechnical centrifuge power. Although vacuum pumps can reduce windage loss, they also negatively affect heat transfer performance. Therefore, in this study, we aim to accurately determine the rate at which windage loss decreases with pressure to help assess whether reducing pressure is beneficial to temperature control. A computational fluid dynamic method based on the multi-reference model and k–ω shear-stress transport turbulence model is used to simulate the ZJU400gt geotechnical centrifuge. The windage loss and temperature of ZJU400 at 0–150 gravity acceleration under normal pressure conditions are simulated. Compared with the experimental data, the error is < 20.7%, indicating simulation reliability. Furthermore, the simulation model is used to simulate the windage loss power under low-pressure conditions and predict the relationship between the windage loss power and pressure. Compared with current calculation methods, which yield a linear relationship between windage loss and operating pressure, the simulation results indicate a slightly nonlinear relationship. At 5,000 Pa, the simulated windage loss is 40% larger than the calculated value, severely affecting the temperature control design. Moreover, the velocity exhibits minimal variation with pressure, whereas the effective kinematic viscosity varies substantially. The nonlinear relationship between the windage loss and pressure can be attributed to increased turbulent kinetic energy and the size of the wake region caused by vacuum pumping. A formula for nonlinear windage loss with pressure is proposed, providing a basis for the future design of super-gravity geotechnical centrifuges.
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