This research intends to examine the mediating effects of elementary school teachers’ perception of principal leadership and work stress on the relationship between work motivation and well-being. For this purpose, the present study sampled 400 elementary school teachers from the Seoul metropolitan area in South Korea. Subsequently, the participants answered four scales to measure work motivation, perception of principal leadership, work stress, and well-being. The 324 data finally collected consist of 276 females and 48 males. The research results are as follows. First, four variables had significant correlations with each other, positively or negatively. Second, there was no significant mediating effect of principal leadership on work motivation and well-being. Third, teachers’ work stress had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between work motivation and well-being. Fourth, principal leadership and work stress had a sequentially partial mediating effect on work motivation and well-being. This paper discusses these findings and then suggests the directions for future research.

Individualism (IND)-collectivism (COL) has been the most popular dimension separating the West from the East. As the recent findings relating to IND-COL by national and ethnic groups become divergent, however, some investigators are challenging IND-COL as the most representative framework dividing into the West and the East. For this reason, focusing on some issues that are supposed to cause inconsistent findings regarding IND-COL, it requires making IND-COL investigations examined and, in turn, elaborated. In the context of supporting the elaboration, this review tries to provide some suggestions as follows. First, it is necessary to analyze and set up the concept of IND-COL precisely. Second, cultural psychologists need to elaborate instruments and introduce social-ecological variables, cultural products, and qualitative approach. Third, there need to diversify the sampling target. Fourth, future research requires specifying the sampling target more specifically. Fifth, IND-COL studies need to solve the issue due to the level of analysis.

Teachers’ emotional well-being is incredibly crucial for both teachers themselves and children. When considering this importance, researchers need to explore ways to enhance teachers’ emotional well-being. Before developing an invention program, however, it requires performing in-depth research to give fundamental data for intervention. As part of its efforts, thus, this study intends to examine whether promotion focus and job crafting have a mediation effect on the relationship between calling and emotional well-being. For this purpose, this study collected data from 337 elementary school teachers. Subsequently, the current work administered four scales measuring calling, promotion focus, job crafting, and emotional well-being to them. The findings found that promotion focus and job crafting showed full mediation effects on the relationship between calling and emotional well-being, respectively, with a sequential mediation of promotion focus and job crafting. Finally, this paper critically discusses the implication of which researchers and leaders should be aware and then suggests directions for future researchers.