Introduction: Today gastrointestinal (GI) pathology is accepted as one of the largest sub-specialties in pathology. Histopathological evaluation of GI lesions is the gold standard for providing essential diagnostic and prognostic information to clinicians for the best and timely management of each patient. Aims and Objectives:To study the pattern of gastrointestinal non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions and the correlation between age, sex and site distribution of various lesions. Material and Methods:This is a unicentre retrospective and prospective study of 2941 patients with GI lesions over a period of four years from January 2015 to December 2018. Biopsies and resected specimens of gastrointestinal tract were fixed in 10% Formalin. These specimens were then; processed in automatic tissue processor. Routine Hematoxylin and Eosin stain and special stains, including immunohistochemical stains were done; wherever indicated. The slides were examined and the data generated from observations was used for statistical analysis.Results: Out of a total 21831 histopathology specimens received in the four years, over 17 % specimens were GIT lesions. Of the 3738 GI specimens, appendix was the most common specimen received (26.9%) followed by gastric specimens (23.2%) and small intestine specimens (18.9%). Non-neoplastic GI lesions (94.5%) were most common followed by neoplastic lesions (5.5%).Males outnumbered female patients having M: F ratio of 1.2:1. The peak incidence for non-neoplastic lesions was found in the age group of 21-40 years and that for neoplastic lesions found in the age group of 50-70 years. Appendicitis was the most common GI pathology (26.8%) followed by gastritis (21.1%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological malignancy (65.4%) followed by Squamous cell carcinoma (26.7%). Most common lesion of the esophagus was squamous cell carcinoma whereas adenocarcinoma was common in the colo-rectum. Conclusion:Apart from an overview of the spectrum of histopathological lesions encountered in the surgical pathology department, this study reiterates that histopathological evaluation is a valuable diagnostic tool for definitive, early diagnosis of GI lesions, which has impact on management of the neoplasia.
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