In this study, aqueous extracts of Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. leaves and inflorescences were tested on seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium album L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.), and on some of the most noxious-associated weeds, Chenopodium album L. and Holcus lanatus L. in quinoa, and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochloa colona L., Eclipta prostrata L. and Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lou.) W.D. Clayton in rice. The objectives were to identify extract concentrations at which 50 and 90% of germination (GR [50,90]) and radicle elongation (RR [50,90]) were inhibited, to fractionate inflorescence extracts for facilitating identifying the chemical group causing allelopathic effects, and to evaluate the fraction showing the stronger weed suppression effects and the least crop damage. Increasing extract concentration rates (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100% crude extract) were applied to seeds of target crops and weeds. Flower extracts at rates < 0.30 produced GR [50] and RR [50] on H. lanatus, and GR [90] and RR [90] in C. album, while quinoa seeds were not affected. Rice and its target weeds were minimally affected by flower extracts, whereas radicle elongation of all species was significantly reduced. A concentration rate > 0.52 caused the RR [50] on rice and all its target weeds. Fractions were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed to detect phytochemical groups, using specific chemical reagents and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The fraction F3 from aqueous flower extract showed a high content of flavonoids, assumed as the potential allelochemical substance. Total flavonoid content in F3 was quantified as 2.7 mg of quercetin per g F3, i.e., 12.8 mg of quercetin per g of inflorescence material. Additionally, field equivalent extract rates obtained from the harvested fresh inflorescence biomass could be determined. These rates ranged between 90 and 143 mL l −1 of F3 aqueous fraction, while for ethanol F3 were 131 mL l −1. Our results are encouraging for finding sustainable and ecologically friendly alternatives for weed management in crops of high nutritional value, contributing also to counteract the growing problem of herbicide resistance.
El aumento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas ha conducido a la búsqueda de productos con actividad nootrópica para la prevención o tratamiento de esas patologías. En este estudio buscamos evaluar la actividad nootrópica del extracto de la pulpa del café arábica (Coffea arabica) en mamíferos menores. En la primera fase se cuantificaron los fenoles totales en la pulpa de café mediante el método Folin Ciocalteu extraídos con maceración dinámica y asistida. Los datos se analizaron mediante adeva y la prueba posthoc de Duncan. En la segunda fase se utilizaron 24 ratones (Mus musculus) de 32,5 g de peso promedio.Los ratones fueron divididos en cuatro grupos y asignados a los siguientes tratamientos: agua (control negativo), ginkgo biloba (control positivo) y dos dosis de extracto de pulpa de café. Los ratones se sometieron a pruebas de aprendizaje en el laberinto acuático de Morris y el laberinto radial de 8 brazos. Se registró el tiempo de latencia y el tiempo que demoraron los ratones en visitar los 8 brazos del laberinto. El extracto de la pulpa de café arábica refleja actividad nootrópica, cuya dosis 100 mg/kg de peso/día de ácido clorogénico (acg) contribuye al mejoramiento de las propiedades cognitivas.
Dodonaea viscosa (Chamana) tiene potencial biológico, gracias a metabolitos secundarios presentes, principalmenteen su raíz y hojas. Entre sus atributos resalta su actividad antioxidante, motivo por el cual, en estetrabajo se evaluó cómo influye la capacidad antioxidante que presenta el extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojasde Dodonaea viscosa en la estabilidad del jarabe de vitamina C. Se realizaron tres lotes piloto de jarabe deácido ascórbico: 1) libre de antioxidante, 2) con antioxidante natural (extracto) y 3) con antioxidante sintético(metabisulfito de sodio), estos fueron sometidos a un estudio de estabilidad acelerado, bajo los siguientes parámetros:3 meses, T: 40±2ºC; HR: 75±5%. Como resultado se obtuvo que la concentración del principio activo enel producto con metabisulfito de sodio se mantiene por mayor tiempo, mientras que el jarabe con antioxidantenatural fue el que presentó mayor actividad antioxidante.
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