The study aimed to identify the types of similes of woman and man in the Bible book, Song of Songs, and their underlying principal metaphor. While the Songs of Songs’ figurative language is commonly analyzed through the lens of historical and pure literary approaches, the authors analyzed it using the cognitive linguistics framework. Qualitative content analysis was employed as the method. The findings showed that the similes of the woman (35) outnumbered similes of the man (12), and they grouped into 7 types, namely Architectural, Artefactual, Botanical, Celestial, Comestible, Topographic, and Zoomorphic. The similes are mostly zoomorphic (13) and botanical (12). The similes represented the woman mainly as A Protected City, while the man as A City Protector. It was argued that the underlying metaphor of all similes of woman and man in the Song of Songs is Love Is Protection. The findings may contribute as an alternative way of reading and understanding figurative language in the Song of Songs.
Reading is an acquired skill needed for obtaining knowledge. To be successful in reading, one should adopt certain attitudes to ensure the reading activity's fruitfulness. This correlational study investigates the possible significant relationship between reading attitude and L2 achievement. The subjects of this study were 47 vocational school students in Yogyakarta. Samples were chosen using purposive sampling with X graders and XI graders of a vocational school. The data were collected through a questionnaire, interview sessions, and an English exam. The hypothesis of this research was the more positive the students’ attitude was, the higher were L2 achievements of the students. The writers conducted a Pearson correlation computation to analyze the correlation of the obtained data. The findings showed that the students' reading attitude was positive and the L2 achievements were high, but the reading attitude correlated negatively and weakly to L2 achievements. Other factors affected L2 achievements as well. ESL teachers should be concerned about their students’ reading attitudes
The present study aims to analyse the content of the Kingsman: The Golden Circle movie (2017). The use of restricted codes and elaborated code by the main character Gary ‘Eggsy’ Unwin in the movie and how they convey the concept of English gentleman was investigated by applying the descriptive qualitative method. The movie script and the scenes in the movie were the data that were being analysed. Data were collected through observation using a non-participatory technique. The data were analysed using the Barthesian semiotic analysis method. It was found that there were seven types of restricted codes namely secrecy, intimacy, novelty, jocularity, sympathy, expressiveness, and nominative. While the use of elaborated code was found in the forms of verbal and non-verbal communications. The findings in this research showed that the main character employed the restricted codes and the elaborated codes to express proximity and to convey the idea of the new English gentleman of the 21st century.
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