Introduction: Post-varicocelectomy pain is a considerable pain with probability of promotion toward chronicity. Some reasons, including surgical technique or nerve injury and inappropriate attention to treatment of acute pain play role in the emergence of acute pain. The pain could lead to limitation in movement and working, patient dissatisfaction and waste of medical resources. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy as the patient control analgesia (PCA) is associated with reduction of pain intensity and analgesic consumptions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TENS therapy on reducing the acute and chronic pain following varicocelectomy. Methods and Materials: The study was conducted after obtaining the approval of the local Institute Ethics Committee and written informed consent from all of the patients. Eighty patients scheduled for undergoing varicocelectomy, were randomly classified according to a randomization list prepared using online software at a 1:1 ratio to Groups A (intervention group) and B (placebo group). In postoperative and recovery period, Group A received TENS therapy for 30 minutes in parallel to surgical scar with high frequency by sensory level. Group B was treated with off-device. The treatment course was replicated for the two groups at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. Then, postoperative pain was measured by VAS (visual analogue scale) at the same time and after 1 week and 1, 2 and 3 months. The amount of used analgesics was recorded. Results: The results showed that based on the VAS, pain significantly decreased after intervention in 2 hours (25% with VAS = 5 versus 32.5% with VAS = 8 in control group). The differences among, amount of used analgesics at 2, 6 and 12 hours were significant with p-value = 0.001, <0.0001 and =0.02, respectively. Conclusion: TENS therapy could efficiently decrease pain degree for hours, weeks and months after varicocelectomy; this
Background: The level and time block in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia are affected by a variety of demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, height, weight, body mass index [BMI] and the amount of cerebrospinal fluid). Although the influence of BMI in spinal anesthesia is still a matter of controversy, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between BMI and time of spinal block anesthesia in herniorrhaphy patients. Methods: One hundred and eighty patients, who had undergone an inguinal herniorrhaphy operation, were divided into two groups—obese (BMI ≥30kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI<30kg/m2). Demographic characteristics, operation time, anesthesia time, time sensory and motor block and changes in hemodynamics were compared between the two groups. The evaluation of spinal block height was recorded with the help of a pin-prick test and Bromage Scale after the administration of bupivacaine. Results: Body weight, height and BMI showed significant differences in the two groups and the time to reach sensory block T10 was significantly shorter in the group of obese patients. The time for recovery of sensory and motor block was longer in the obese group than in the non-obese group. Moreover, there were differences in the pattern of blood pressure of the two groups during surgery. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a correlation between BMI and the time of spinal block anesthesia. Furthermore, the maximum motor and sensory block specified in obese patients happens faster and the analgesic duration could be prolonged in patients with a higher BMI.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.