The present study provides direct evidence that tobacco smoke diminishes two major components of MCC. This links tobacco smoke as a potential contributing and/or exacerbating factor in exposed individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis.

SL-PDT is a safe and effective means of bedside airway management in critically ill patients. This new technique offers several advantages over traditional percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (T-PDT) and can be safely employed by otolaryngologists, especially in high-risk patients. This is most useful when T-PDT is considered untenable or when transport to the operating room for a standard open tracheostomy is considered too cumbersome or potentially dangerous.

Stapler and Harmonic Ace assisted endoscopic repair of Zenker's diverticulum are two safe and effective minimally invasive techniques. Postoperative complications are more likely due to size of the diverticulum and not the device used. The Harmonic Ace used alone or in combination with the stapler may offer additional advantages over conventional open and stapler assisted techniques, addressing size limitations and persistent symptoms.

Bedside SL-PDT is relatively safe and effective, and offers advantages over traditional PDT and open tracheostomy. This novel technique may encourage a concerted multidisciplinary effort, including otolaryngologists, to continue to improve bedside airway management in critically ill patients.