The article is devoted to the improvement of hydraulic efficiency and exploitation reliability by improving the hydraulic parameters of soil irrigation channels, and given the results of the authors’ research in theoretical and natural conditions. The article illustrates the analyses of the current problems in the existing soil canals and their negative consequences due to the deformation processes in the channel bed and consequently the increase in flow dynamics and kinematics of hydraulic resistance. Based on the analysis of the results which conducted by Altunin V.S. Zheleznyakov G.V. Karasev I.F. Kosichenko Yu.M. and Mirtshulava Ts.E. in the assessment of hydraulic efficiency and exploitation reliability of the channels, the hydraulic efficiency and operational reliability of the canals have been evaluated. Researchers conducted in Tashkent and Big Fergana canals, which are located in different natural and geographical conditions. The study of deformation processes in soil channel bed provided with the help of XSLEM-Doppler (River Surveyor Live), the formation of flow dynamics and kinematics, and the activation of hydraulic resistance. Based on the study of the kinematic parameters of flow created a velocity diagram expressing the distribution of velocities by the depth of flow in the soil channel in natural conditions. The hydraulic friction coefficients for the Tashkent and Big Fergana canals were determined using the kinematic parameters obtained with the help of River Surveyor Live in natural field conditions, as well as the water permeability of the canals was assessed. Also, the speed diagram, which is one of the most serious problems of hydrodynamics, was built based on data obtained with the help of modern measuring instruments. Also, the study of the formation of kinematic and dynamic parameters in soil-based irrigation canals and the improvement of hydraulic parameters of irrigation canals based on conditions of hydraulic efficiency and operational reliability were concluded. The results of the study are important in the effective use of soil irrigation canals, increasing the reliability of water supply to consumers.
The article describes the influence of the exploitation condition of the reservoirs on the hydraulic parameters of the Big Fergana main channel in Fergana valley. Fractional and variable chemical composition of the sediments flowing with the water into the reservoir as well as their changes during the growing season is considered to be the main factor of this process. As a result of field experiments, it was found that the main share of sediments flowing into the reservoir consists of sand particles with a size of 0.01-0.1 millimeters. Analysis of the working effectiveness of the reservoir showed that 45-50% of these particles are kept within the reservoir, while the other pass further to the channel. Surveillance and experimental studies on the reservoir are mainly based on sedimentary particles of 0.10-0.05 and 0.05-0.01 mm and their water content is around 71-85.4%, with a larger size of 0.1 mm. and sediments with a diameter greater than the average for most of the aquifer. The obtained results indicate the influence of the sedimentary water reservoir on the hydraulic parameters and functioning capacity of the Big Fergana channel.
Irrigation channels plays particular importance role to provide water for irrigated areas. In recent years, the irrigation channels of Central Asia have been negatively affected by deformation phenomena. As a result, their hydraulic parameters changed and their throughput decreased. The results of recent studies in the field of the phenomena of deformations in open and in the planning of irrigation channels show that a lot of work has been completed. Ensuring the static and dynamic stability of the channels, increasing the efficiency of the channels currently require to cover the channels with concrete cladding. A high cost of covering the channels with concrete cladding brings reveals the problems in these works. The best solution is to reduce concrete consumption. The article proposes a method for projecting a concrete channel from the condition of a hydraulically most advantageous section. According to the proposed method, the consumption of concrete mixture is reduced by 36% and increased the dynamic stability of the channel (when assessing the nanotransport ability of the channel) is increased by 26%. The rehabilitee of research results are confirmed by the formulas used in practice.
The article evaluates the hydraulic processes in the collectors which constructed in irrigated fields. Illuminated the washing processes under the influence of the flow velocity in the collector bed. In order to study the washing processes in the collector basin, are covered the results of research conducted in the self-washing collector in natural field conditions. Collector 2-K-4 in Khavas district of Syrdarya region was selected as the object of research. Given cases of changes in the project parameters as a result of washing processes in the core of the collector. Were selected 5 sections in the collector and hydraulic parameters were studied. was evaluated the effect of hydraulic processes on the collector core. The studied sections show cases of change of design parameters under the influence of hydraulic processes. Soil samples were taken from the reservoir and the mechanical composition was determined under laboratory conditions. Based on the laboratory and natural field conditions results, a special graph was developed for the design of collectors on the basis of non-washable speed.
This article analyzes the factors that influence the deformation process in the channel. When assessing the deformation process in channels consisting of disconnected soils, the method for determining nonwashable speed was analyzed, taking into account the trapezoidal shape of the channel, and, based on laboratory studies, a dependence was proposed for determining the non-washable speed. The values of the proposed dependencies are compared with the calculated values of the formulas of I.I. Levi, C.E. Mirtskhulava, V.A. Velikanova, B.I. Studenichnikov and A.M. Latyshenkov and obtained positive results. The proposed dependencies for the determination of non-washable speed are improved, taking into account turbulence and the laws of velocity distribution over the stream's depth. In the experimental researches, were used sand particles with different diameters d ≤ 0.315mm; 0.315mm < d ≤ 0.63mm; 0.63mm < d ≤1.25mm 1.25mm < d ≤ 2.5mm 2.5mm < d ≤ 5.0mm. Based on the analysis of the experimental data, the coefficients are as follows: η1 = 1.41 for the bottom of the channel and η2 = 1.52 for side slopes. The reliability of the results is justified by comparing the proposed calculation method with a study of other authors. Based on the research, constructed a plot of the velocity distribution and the depth of the stream. In these diagrams, preservation of the change in velocity along the depth of the flow was observed under various modes of motion. In all experiments, a process was observed-the smallest value of the flow velocity at the bottom and the highest at a depth of (0.8–0.9) h from the water level.
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