Vibrational spectroscopy approaches like FT-IR and FT-Raman, as analytical method, can be used to assess chemical changes in historical wood structures. In this study, wood samples of three historical buildings, in Gorgan, Iran, namely Tekie Estebar, Molla Esmaiel Mosque, and the Esmaieli Buildings were selected. Wood species was determined by their macroscopic characteristics which were hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), oak (Quercus castaneifolia), beech (Fagus orientalis), and elm (Ulmus glabra), as hardwood species, and yew (Taxus baccata) as a softwood species. Also, some samples of oak were collected from northern and southern sides of the Esmaieli Building in order to compare deterioration environmental factors.. The approximate assignment of the experimental bands was completed by comparing. For this purpose, the experimental bands with the calculated band frequencies of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In addition, the reported assignment for softwood and hardwood was used to confirm the vibrational assignments. The results of spectroscopy revealed that biodegradation had occurred in all species. Comparison between the most important vibrational band frequencies related to carbohydrates and lignin in hardwood species suggested that degradation of carbohydrates was greater than lignin, which could be attributed to brown rot and hydrolysis. Reduction of chemical compounds in south oak samples was higher and could be associated with prevailing wind and UV ray in this side. In the only softwood species (yew), because of its highest exposure to frequent raining, deterioration was observed in both carbohydrates and lignin.

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In this study, the effect of UV stabilizers (dihydroxy benzophenone and nano zinc oxide) on the weathering degradation of water-based acrylic coating on beech wood was investigated. The wood specimens were coated by brush and then weathered naturally for six months. The obtained results showed that the use of nano zinc oxide reduced color changes and mold growth on the surface of weathered samples. However, the results of contact angle, pull-off adhesion, colorimeter and FTIR revealed that the dihydroxyl benzophenone was not effective in preventing weathering degradation of coated wood.

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• The importance of fast growing wood species such as Paulownia and Populus wood is increas

Introduction: Given the increasing growth of information in the present age and the growth and development of educational programs and changes that have occurred in the concept of learning, changing the approach to education from traditional methods to e-learning has become important. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of podcast stress control training on work-life conflict in female residents of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2020–2021. Methods This study was a two-group quasi-experimental study (with a pretest-posttest design and a control group). The samples consisted of female resident students of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2020–2021. As many as 70 female residents were selected and investigated by quota sampling and simple random sampling method from among the first and the last year residents. The individual demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Carlson’s Work-Family Conflict Scale (WFC) were used to collect data. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and inferential tests in SPSS-23 and the significance level was considered to be p < 0.05. Results The two groups were similar in terms of background variables (p = 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean scores of work-life conflict before the intervention (p = 0.931). However, two months after the intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed in the mean scores of work-life conflict between the two groups (p = 0.0000). Conclusion According to the results of the present study, it seems that stress control training through podcasts has reduced work-life conflict. Stress control training can reduce the residents’ work stress and work-life conflict. Thus, training stress control skills seems to be of high significance in the residents’ managerial, clinical and educational domains.

This study investigates the effect of removing magnetic nanoparticles from the outer surface of magnetic wood flour (MWF) particles as a filler phase on the microstructural, physical, and mechanical properties of the prepared MWFpolypropylene nanocomposites. For producing MWF with a surface free of magnetic nanoparticles (called LFMWF), in contrast to the commonly produced MWF (called FFMWF), magnetic wood chips were first prepared and then milled. No significant changes were observed in the tensile and flexural strength of the composite specimens prepared with the LFMWF filler instead

In peer observation of teaching, an experienced colleague in the educational environment of a faculty member observes the educational performance of that faculty member and provides appropriate feedback. The use of peer review as an alternative source of evidence of teaching effectiveness is increasing. However, no research has been done in the field of tool design and development to peer review in classrooms that use a learning management system (LMS). This study used mixed methods. In the qualitative stage, after studying sources and interviewing professors active in virtual education, a question bank was prepared and a 26-item initial questionnaire created. In the quantitative stage, the psychometric properties of the developed instruments, such as the face, content, and structural validity, were examined, and reliability tests were performed. IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 20) was used for analysis. Five categories, including content preparation, content presentation, effective interactions, motivation management, and support services, and 26 subcategories were determined to be effective indicators in peer observation in LMS-based classes in medical sciences. During content analysis, 9 items were removed due to lack of necessary criteria. Then, using principal component analysis and varimax rotation in the present mode )Watkins, 2018), 5 components with eigenvalues ​​higher than 1 were extracted, which explained a total of 70.55% of the total variance. The inter-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.88. Thus, the peer observation measurement tool, designed with 17 expressions using the answer method “yes/no”, showed good validity and reliability. The research results demonstrate that the evaluation of virtual classes of professors by their peers is effective and that the results can be used in e-learning promotion plans.