Canine oral papillomavirus (COPV) infection is used in vaccine development against mucosal papillomaviruses. The predictable, spontaneous regression of the papillomas makes this an attractive system for analysis of cellular immunity. Immunohistochemical analysis of the timing and phenotype of immune cell infiltration revealed a marked influx of leukocytes during wart regression, including abundant CD4+ and CD8+ cells, with CD4+ cells being most numerous. Comparison of these findings, and those of immunohistochemistry using TCRalphabeta-, TCRgammadelta-, CD1a-, CD1c-, CD11a-, CD11b-, CD11c-, CD18-, CD21-, and CD49d-specific monoclonal antibodies, with previously published work in the human, ox, and rabbit models revealed important differences between these systems. Unlike bovine papillomavirus lesions, those of COPV do not have a significant gamma/delta T-cell infiltrate. Furthermore, COPV lesions had numerous CD4+ cells, unlike cottontail rabbit papillomavirus lesions. The lymphocyte infiltrate in the dog resembled that in human papillomavirus lesions, indicating that COPV is an appropriate model for human papillomavirus immunity.

This treatment compares favourably to previously published data using one-hour topical clotrimazole or enilconazole flushing treatment protocols. The treatment technique significantly reduced treatment time under anaesthesia.

Objective: To report the incidence of postattenuation seizures (PAS) in dogs that underwent single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (cEHPSS) attenuation and to compare incidence of PAS in dogs that either did or did not receive prophylactic treatment with levetiracetam (LEV). Study design: Multi-institutional retrospective study. Population: Nine hundred forty dogs. Methods: Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent surgical attenuation of a single cEHPSS from January 2005 through July 2017 and developed PAS within 7 days postoperatively. Dogs were divided into 3 groups: no LEV (LEV−); LEV at ≥15 mg/kg every 8 hours for ≥24 hours preoperatively or a 60 mg/kg intravenous loading dose perioperatively, followed by ≥15 mg/kg every 8 hours postoperatively (LEV1); and LEV at <15 mg/kg every 8 hours, for <24 hours preoperatively, or continued at <15 mg/kg every 8 hours postoperatively (LEV2).Preliminary results of this study were presented at the Association

Full-thickness intestinal biopsy is not a benign procedure. However, this study concludes that there are no consistent predictors for patients at increased risk of enteric wound breakdown.

Objective: To identify prognostic factors for short-term survival of dogs that experienced seizures within seven days following surgical correction of single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (cEHPSS).Study Design: Multi-institutional retrospective study. Sample Population: Ninety-three client-owned dogs. Methods: Medical records at 14 veterinary institutions were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent surgical attenuation of a single cEHPSS from January 1 st 2005 through February 28 th 2018 and experienced post-attenuation seizures (PAS) within seven days postoperatively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with one month survival. Factors investigated included participating institution, signalment, shunt morphology, concurrent/historical conditions, presence of preoperative neurologic signs, presence of preoperative seizures, aspects of preoperative medical management, surgical details including method and degree of shunt attenuation, type of PAS (focal only or generalized +/-focal), drugs administered as part of the treatment of PAS, and development of complications during treatment of PAS. Results: Thirty (32.3%) dogs survived to 30 days. Seventy-six (81.7%) dogs experienced generalized PAS. Factors positively associated with short-term survival included having a history of preoperative seizures (p=0.004) and development of focal PAS only (p=0.0003).The majority of non-survivors were humanely euthanized due to uncontrolled or recurrent seizures.Conclusions: Dogs that experienced PAS that had a history of preoperative seizures and those that experienced focal PAS only had significantly improved short-term survival. Clinical Significance:The results of this study will help in the counseling of owners who seek treatment for PAS following surgical correction of cEHPSS.

To report the signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic and surgical findings and outcome in dogs and cats with retained swabs, medical records of dogs and cats that were referred to four referral centres were reviewed. Cases in which a retained surgical swab was identified during surgery at the referral hospital were selected for further study. The signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic and surgical findings and outcome in these cases were reviewed. Thirteen dogs with retained surgical swabs were included in the study. Bodyweight ranged from 9 to 45 kg. The initial surgery was a ‘non-routine’ abdominal procedure in seven dogs, ovariohysterectomy in five dogs and perineal hernia repair in one dog. Time from initial surgery to presentation at the referral centre ranged from four days to seven years. Treatment involved major surgery in eight of the 13 dogs. Outcome was excellent in 12 of 13 cases, one dog was euthanased.

A review of bandaging principles is presented. Method of application, choice of materials, and close monitoring of the bandage are important factors in preventing iatrogenic injury.

This is a new condition that should be added to the surgical differential diagnosis for a discharging sinus over the external nares in dogs.