Synthetic Aperture Radar Tomography (Tomo-SAR) is an emerging experimental "coherent data combination" mode allowing unprecedented full 3-D imaging of complex urban and infrastructure scenarios with layover ("garbled") scatterers, exploiting multibaseline interferometric SAR data stacks. Various approaches have been proposed to improve Fourier-based Tomo-SAR elevation beamforming which is affected by unsatisfactory height sidelobe behaviour and resolution, due to the typical low number of baselines with irregular distribution. Among these approaches, height superresolution multilook beamforming techniques proved to posses interesting capabilities, at the cost of operation with reduced horizontal resolution. In this work, a recently proposed knowledge-based baseline interpolation and the Capon and MUSIC superresolution methods are integrated in to a new Tomo-SAR processor able to offer at a low computational burden height superresolution and sidelobe cleaning with single-look data, allowing full resolution operation, as important in urban and other man-made areas. Results are reported with real ERS data.Index Terms-Electromagnetic tomography, radar interferometry, spectral analysis, synthetic aperture radar, urban areas.
Multibaseline (MB) SAR tomographic (3D) elevation beamforming, i.e. spatial spectral estimation, is a promising technique in the growing field of advanced interferometric SAR methods for sensing complex scenarios with multiple (layover or volumetric) scatterers mapped in the SAR cell. Recently, the Tomo concept has been integrated with the differential interferometry concept, producing the new "differential tomography" (Diff-Tomo, "4D") processing mode. Advances in the experiments of these new frameworks are presented for complex multiple scattering scenarios, also with temporal signal variations, both from scatterer deformation motions and temporal decorrelation. Results are reported of Tomo/Diff-Tomo single-look superresolution and light-burden processing in urban areas, with the new generation high-resolution COSMOSkyMed data. Moreover, new results are shown concerning the innovative capability of Diff-Tomo of analyzing volumetric forest scenarios, based on the original concept of the "space-time" signatures of temporal decorrelation. E-SAR P-band analyses are reported about separation of the canopy and ground temporal decorrelation mechanisms.
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