Newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism: a systematic review. Health Technol Assessment 1997; 1(11). NHS R&D HTA Programme T he overall aim of the NHS R&D Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme is to ensure that high-quality research information on the costs, effectiveness and broader impact of health technologies is produced in the most efficient way for those who use, manage and work in the NHS. Research is undertaken in those areas where the evidence will lead to the greatest benefits to patients, either through improved patient outcomes or the most efficient use of NHS resources. The Standing Group on Health Technology advises on national priorities for health technology assessment. Six advisory panels assist the Standing Group in identifying and prioritising projects. These priorities are then considered by the HTA Commissioning Board supported by the National Coordinating Centre for HTA (NCCHTA). This report is one of a series covering acute care, diagnostics and imaging, methodology, pharmaceuticals, population screening, and primary and community care. It was identified as a priority by the Population Screening Panel (see inside back cover). The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Standing Group, the Commissioning Board, the Panel members or the Department of Health.
A tentative alluvial sequence of Hay Hollow Valley 2. Correlation coefficients, r and rho, of the total numbers of plants by species by microhabitats 3. Correlation coefficients, r, of numbers of plants by species by microhabitats using mean data 4. Correlation coefficients, r and rho, of animal densities by microhabitat ... 5. Total plant distribution for all quadrats by microhabitat 6. Total animal transect data 7. Total animal transect data by density per square mile 8. Burial information chart 9. Partial behavioral chain of maize for the Hopi, circa A.D. 1900 10. Tabulation of room floor areas, and wall and roof openings, Joint Site Pueblo 11. List of tree-ring dates from the Joint Site and their proveniences I.
NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase are oxidases that are expressed in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) or blood vessels and can generate oxygen radicals (O-2) during partial reduction of molecular oxygen. O-2 interacts rapidly and irreversibly with nitric oxide (NO) to yield peroxynitrite (ONOO-), thereby restricting the half-life, diffusion distance and bioactivity of NO in tissues. NO generated by a neuronal (n) NOS isoform that is heavily expressed in macula densa (MD) cells, is generated during NaCl reabsorption at the MD and blunts the expression of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that O-2 formed in the JGA of the normal rat limits NO signalling. Tempol is a membrane-permeable superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic. Maximal TGF responses were assessed from the fall in proximal stop flow pressure during orthograde perfusion of artificial tubular fluid (ATF) into the loop of Henle. Microperfusion of tempol (10-4 M) into the efferent arteriole (EA) of Wistar-Kyoto rats blunted maximal TGF response (8. 2 +/- 0.4 vs. 6.4 +/- 0.4 mmHg; n=8; P < 0.05). Graded doses of the NO donor compound, S-nitroso-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP; 10-7-10-4 M) microperfused into the lumen of the MD produces graded buffering of TGF. During EA microperfusion of tempol, responses to luminal SNAP at 10-6 M and greater were enhanced significantly (P < 0.05 or <0. 01). In conclusion, O-2 generated in the JGA can be metabolized by a membrane-permeable SOD mimetic. O-2 enhances the basal TGF response and limits NO signalling from the macula densa. Therefore, O-2 and NO interact in the JGA to modulate the TGF response.
cdc9, a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in polynucleotide deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ligase activity, accumulates low-molecular-weight DNA fragments (as measured by sedimentation of DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients) at the nonpermissive temperature after irradiation with ultraviolet light. This phenotype of cdc9 is a sensitive indicator of successful incision during excision repair of dimers. In strains containing excision-defective mutations in any of nine genes in combination with the cdc9 mutation, the absence of low-molecular-weight DNA at the nonpermissive temperature after ultraviolet treatment suggests that these mutants are incision defective, whereas the presence of low-molecularweight DNA indicates that the mutants are defective in a step after incision. With radl, rad2, rad3, rad4, and radlO mutants, the molecular weight of the DNA remained unchanged after ultraviolet irradiation and incubation at the restrictive temperature, despite the presence of the cdc9 mutation; these mutants are therefore incision defective. Low-molecular-weight DNA was observed in radl4 cdc9 and radl6 cdc9 strains. With the radl6 strain, the accumulation of lowmolecular-weight DNA correlated with the amount of excision taking place, whereas in the radl4 mutant strain, no evidence of dimer removal was obtained. Therefore, radl4 is likely to be defective in a step after incision.
The developed nanoparticles represent a promising gene delivery system.
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