Lower to Middle Turonian deposits within the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (Central Europe) consist of coarse-grained deltaic sandstones passing distally into fine-grained offshore sediments. Dune-scale cross-beds superimposed on delta-front clinoforms indicate a vigorous basinal palaeocirculation capable of transporting coarse-grained sand across the entire depth range of the clinoforms (ca 35 m). Bi-directional, alongshore-oriented, trough cross-set axes, silt drapes and reactivation surfaces indicate tidal activity. However, the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin at this time was over a thousand kilometres from the shelf break and separated from the open ocean by a series of small islands. The presence of tidally-influenced deposits in a setting where co-oscillating tides are likely to have been damped down by seabed friction and blocked by emergent land masses is problematic. The Imperial College Ocean Model, a fully hydrodynamic, unstructured mesh finite element model, is used to test the hypothesis that tidal circulation in this isolated region was capable of generating the observed grain-size distributions, bedform types and palaeocurrent orientations. The model is first validated for the prediction of bed shear stress magnitudes and sediment transport pathways against the present-day North European shelf seas that surround the British Isles. The model predicts a microtidal to mesotidal regime for the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin across a range of sensitivity tests with elevated tidal ranges in local embayments. Funnelling associated with straits increases tidal current velocities, generating bed shear stresses that were capable of forming the sedimentary structures observed in the field. The model also predicts instantaneous bi-directional currents with orientations comparable with those measured in the field. Overall, the Imperial College Ocean Model predicts a vigorous tide-driven palaeocirculation within the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin that would indisputably have influenced sediment dispersal and facies distributions. Palaeocurrent vectors and sediment transport pathways however vary markedly in the different sensitivity tests. Accurate modelling of these parameters, in this instance, requires greater palaeogeographic certainty than can be extracted from the available rock record.

The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin combines features of a shallow-water (mostly < 100 m) epicontinental seaway formed during a global transgression with those of a tectonically active, transtensional setting. The basin formed under a greenhouse climate and was affected by strong axial currents. Dense well-log coverage, combined with locally high-quality exposures and biostratigraphic control, make it possible to examine in three dimensions the geometries of genetic sequences and interpret their controlling variables. Sand-dominated deltas formed sequences at several spatial scales that reflect nested transgressive-regressive cycles with durations ranging from tens of thousands of years to millions of years. Progradation directions and distances, thicknesses and internal geometry of the individual sequences were controlled primarily by intrabasinal faulting, basin-scale changes in subsidence rate, eustatic fluctuations and localized bathymetric changes due to successive filling of the basin. Along-strike change in sediment input from different parts of the source area and a short-lived uplift of a secondary clastic source provided additional controls on the sequence geometry. Efficient hypopycnal transport combined with redeposition of fine clastics in shallow water promoted development of steep slopes of sand-dominated deltas while preventing downlap of muddy clinoforms; most of the suspended load became deposited downcurrent in subhorizontal or gently dipping bottomsets. Longterm accommodation rates were low during the Early to Middle Turonian, with minor intrabasinal faulting, but became accelerated in the Late Turonian and Early Coniacian. This acceleration was caused at least partly by increased subsidence rate accompanied by structural partitioning of the depocentre and partly compensated by increased sediment input indicating increased uplift rates in the Western Sudetic Island source area. This event probably reflected an increase in the regional strain rate in Central Europe. The succession of two major flooding events in the Early Turonian and late Early Coniacian, separated by a low-accommodation interval in the Middle Turonian, shows a close similarity to published estimates of long-term eustatic curves. However, the eustatic component of accommodation rate in the Bohemian Late Turonian and Coniacian is difficult to separate from accelerated subsidence. In several cases, evidence for short-term (100 kyr scale) forced regressions, independent of basinal structural activity, suggests small-scale eustatic falls at rates which, as presently understood, cannot be explained other than by a glacio-eustatic mechanism.

Citation for published item:lin¡ yD hF nd trvisD sF nd qr¤ okeD hF F nd gehD F nd vurinD tF nd yldeD uF nd ruhoEelexndreD tF nd v¡ enik¡ D vF nd edenthoukD xF @PHIRA 9e highEresolution ronEisotope reord of the uronin stge orrelted to siliilsti sin (ll X implitions for midEgreteous seElevel hngeF9D leogeogrphyD pleolimtologyD pleoeologyFD RHS F ppF RPESVF Further information on publisher's website: httpsXGGdoiForgGIHFIHITGjFpleoFPHIRFHQFHQQ Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A denitive version was subsequently published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 405, 1 July 2014, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014 Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

The Oligo -Miocene Most Basin is the largest preserved sedimentary basin within the Eger Graben, the easternmost part of the European Cenozoic Rift System (ECRIS).The basin is interpreted as a part of an incipient rift system that underwent two distinct phases of extension.The ¢rst phase, characterised by NNE^SSW-to N^S-oriented horizontal extension between the end of Eocene and early Miocene, was oblique to the rift axis and caused evolution of a fault system characterised by en-e¤ chelon-arranged E^W (ENE^WSW) faults.These faults de¢ned a number of small, shallow initial depocentres of very small subsidence rates that gradually merged during the growth and linkage of the normal fault segments.The youngest part of the basin ¢ll indicates accelerated subsidence caused probably by the concentration of displacement at several major bounding faults. Major postdepositional faulting and forced folding were related to a change in the extension vector to an orthogonal position with respect to the rift axis and overprinting of the E^W faults by an NE^SW normal fault system.The origin of the palaeostress ¢eld of the earlier, oblique, extensional phase remains controversial and can be attributed either to the e¡ects of the Alpine lithospheric root or (perhaps more likely because of the dominant volcanism at the onset of Eger Graben formation) to doming due to thermal perturbation of the lithosphere.The later, orthogonal, extensional phase is explained by stretching along the crest of a growing regional-scale anticlinal feature, which supports the recent hypothesis of lithospheric folding in the Alpine^Carpathian foreland.

Carbon sources and sinks are key components of the climate feedback system, yet their response to external forcing remains poorly constrained, particularly for past greenhouse climates. Carbon-isotope data indicate systematic, million-year-scale transfers of carbon between surface reservoirs during and immediately after the Late Cretaceous thermal maximum (peaking in the Cenomanian-Turonian, circa 97-91 million years, Myr, ago). Here we calibrate Albian to Campanian (108-72 Myr ago) high-resolution carbon isotope records with a refined chronology and demonstrate how net transfers between reservoirs are plausibly controlled by~1 Myr changes in the amplitude of axial obliquity. The amplitude-modulating terms are absent from the frequency domain representation of insolation series and require a nonlinear, cumulative mechanism to become expressed in power spectra of isotope time series. Mass balance modeling suggests that the residence time of carbon in the ocean-atmosphere system is-by itself-insufficient to explain the Myr-scale variability. It is proposed that the astronomical control was imparted by a transient storage of organic matter or methane in quasi-stable reservoirs (wetlands, soils, marginal zones of marine euxinic strata, and potentially permafrost) that responded nonlinearly to obliquity-driven changes in high-latitude insolation and/or meridional insolation gradients. While these reservoirs are probably underrepresented in the geological record due to their quasi-stable character, they might have provided an important control on the dynamics and stability of the greenhouse climate.

Carbon (d 13 C org , d 13 C carb ) and oxygen (d 18 O carb ) isotope records are presented for an expanded Upper Cretaceous (Turonian-Coniacian) hemipelagic succession cored in the central Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Czech Republic. Geophysical logs, biostratigraphy and stable carbon isotope chemostratigraphy provide a high-resolution stratigraphic framework. The d 13 C carb and d 13 C org profiles are compared, and the time series correlated with published coeval marine and non-marine isotope records from Europe, North America and Japan. All previously named Turonian carbon isotope events are identified and correlated at high-resolution between multiple sections, in different facies, basins and continents. The viability of using both carbonate and organic matter carbon isotope chemostratigraphy for improved stratigraphic resolution, for placing stage boundaries, and for intercontinental correlation is demonstrated, but anchoring the time series using biostratigraphic data is essential. An Early to Middle Turonian thermal maximum followed by a synchronous episode of stepped cooling throughout Europe during the Middle to Late Turonian is evidenced by bulk carbonate and brachiopod shell d18 O carb data, and regional changes in the distribution and composition of macrofaunal assemblages. The Late Turonian Cool Phase in Europe was coincident with a period of long-term sea-level fall, with significant water-mass reorganization occurring during the mid-Late Turonian maximum lowstand. Falling D 13 C (d 13 C carb -d 13 C org ) trends coincident with two major cooling pulses, point to pCO 2 drawdown accompanying cooling, but the use of paired carbon isotopes as a high-resolution pCO 2 proxy is compromised in the low-carbonate sediments of the Bohemian Basin study section by diagenetic overprinting of the d 13 C carb record. Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy is confirmed as a powerful tool for testing and refining intercontinental and marine to terrestrial correlations.

No abstract

palynological sea-level proxies in hemipelagic sediments: A critical assessment from the Upper ABSTRACT Geochemical and palynological records are presented for an expanded Turonian -Coniacian hemipelagic succession in the central Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. A high-resolution stratigraphic framework is provided by biostratigraphy and organic carbon stable-isotope (δ 13 C org ) chemostratigraphy. A short-term (100 kyr) sea-level curve has been derived from high-resolution transgressive/regressive maxima / shore-proximity data established from basin-wide sediment geometries. The viability of geochemical and palynological parameters as potential sea-level proxies is tested against this independently derived sea-level record. Elemental chemostratigraphy is demonstrated to offer a reliable means of identifying medium-to long-term (0.4 -2.4 Myr) sealevel trends. Manganese maxima are associated with periods of high sea level, and troughs with intervals of low sea level. Falling Mn contents accompany regression and rising values transgression. Major transgressive events associated with medium-term sea-level change are marked by sharp increases in Ti/Al ratios, but short-term (100 kyr) sea-level cycles are not consistently identified. Long-term δ 13 C org variation and dinoflagellate cyst species richness are positively correlated and show similarities to the sea-level curve. Baseline trends have a cycle duration close to the 2.4 Myr long-eccentricity cycle. Dinocyst species richness closely follows short-term changes in sea level, with marked increases in dinocyst diversity coincident with most short-term flooding events. Periods of rapid sea-level rise caused an influx of a more diverse "outer shelf" assemblage into the study area, together with the addition of shallower water species, some of which may have been transported into the central basin by hypopycnal flows. Changes in the proportion and abundance of peridinioid dinoflagellate cysts (principally Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides) were controlled principally by changing nutrient levels. Proximity proxies derived from geochemical and palynological data are not always consistent with the independent sea-level model. This exemplifies the need to understand all factors influencing elemental geochemical and palynological proxies before making simplistic sea level interpretations.