Veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder were evaluated for a history of blast concussion, controlling for confounding conditions. Electroencephalograms were analyzed by discriminant function for traumatic brain injury. A difference was found in discriminant scores between veterans with and without blast concussion. More members of the blast group had attentional symptoms and attentional dysfunction. Combat veterans with a remote history of blast injury have persistent electroencephalographic features of traumatic brain injury as well as attentional problems. The authors hypothesize that these constitute a type of chronic postconcussive syndrome that has cognitive and mood symptoms overlapping those of posttraumatic stress disorder.

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PREAMBLEThe charge to the Efficacy Template Task Force requires the development of a template that will assist the Efficacy and Practice Guideline Panels in their review of the literature related to the clinical efficacy of psychophysiological interventions. The Panels will be required to use accepted scientific and clinical standards for determining whether a beneficial effect of treatment can be demonstrated. This document is intended as the template that will serve as a guideline for the Panels' task. The ultimate goal is that of developing meaningful efficacy databases and practice guidelines for such interventions.This task force was created as a collaborative effort by two professional societies (Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback or AAPB; Society for Neuronal Regulation or SNR) to assist in providing a systematic framework for comprehensiveness and consistency in that endeavor. The guidelines that eventuate will, to the best extent

Electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback has been employed in substance use disorder (SUD) over the last three decades. The SUD is a complex series of disorders with frequent comorbidities and EEG abnormalities of several types. EEG biofeedback has been employed in conjunction with other therapies and may be useful in enhancing certain outcomes of therapy. Based on published clinical studies and employing efficacy criteria adapted by the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback and the International Society for Neurofeedback and Research, alpha theta training-either alone for alcoholism or in combination with beta training for stimulant and mixed substance abuse and combined with residential treatment programs, is probably efficacious. Considerations of further research design taking these factors into account are discussed and descriptions of contemporary research are given.

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