Nowadays, the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) for cultural heritage preservation is a challenging topic and its complexity increases considerably as far as the need of introducing sculptural elements integrated in façades of church doors and historical heritage buildings arises. For this aim, it is essential to control all the workflow covering data acquisition by topographic techniques, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) or photogrammetry and the so-called Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM). For this purpose, the parametric modelling by BIM requires the improvement of the mesh integration of sculptural elements previously generated from point clouds by TLS. Thus, the success of the final outcome will depend in large measure on the work-flow generated with different software used for the mesh modelling and refining and its integration in the BIM model. Once sculptural elements have been integrated in the BIM model, their information implementation and the introduction of behavior and features associated become critical for the correct interpretation. In this paper, we present a survey and an analysis on the degradation of the stony elements as well as the characterization of different materials used in the construction and in the subsequent interventions and that can be observed to date of today. Focused on the façade of the Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción of Biar (Alicante, Spain), where a set of sculpture reliefs revolving around the main scene located at the tympanum stands out extraordinarily, and whose sculptural ensemble is severely affected by the impact of a high degree of erosion and pollution processes.
Este trabajo analiza las restauraciones de la Basílica de Santa María de Elche durante el siglo XX incluyendo las causas que provocaron dichas intervenciones. Este monumento alberga la re-presentación del “Misteri” representación sacro-lírica catalogada como Patrimonio Inmaterial de la Humanidad. Los terremotos de 1746 y 1829 aumentaron los daños estructurales que ya presentaba el edificio desde su construcción. En la restauración realizada entre 1903 y 1907 por el arquitecto Marceliano Coquillat i Llofriu se sustituyó la cúpula y cubierta introduciendo el hierro en sus nue-vas estructuras. Se convirtió en una de las primeras obras de restauración monumental del levante español donde se han empleado estructuras mixtas de hierro y ladrillo. El incendio de 1936 provocó graves daños dando lugar a otra gran restauración dirigida por Antonio Serrano Peral quien intro-dujo atados en la base de la cúpula y sustituyó las bóvedas de la nave y crucero.
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This article presents the multidisciplinary methodology employed in the restoration of a sixteenth century renaissance building with gothic vaults. The use of precise instrumental techniques like TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) or photogrammetry are proposed to obtain the geometry of the building before, during and after the intervention. Obtaining the point clouds of the Refectory of the Santo Domingo de Orihuela School in their different restoration stages allows monitoring the vaults, studying their structural behaviour and deformations with the comparison of their original state, unloaded state and the new loading after the execution works.</p><p>A work methodology that is proposed in this article could be applied to any restoration work of patrimonial architecture. The original deformations have been verified and quantified and the final state of the intervention has been documented with respect to the original state.</p>
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