Eine präzise, adaptive und individuelle Fertigung ermöglicht einen hohen Grad an Bauteildifferenzierung, die somit hocheffiziente und lastadaptierte Strukturen für den Betonfertigteilbau zugänglich macht. Während Fortschritte von Fertigungsseite durch zahlreiche Projekte in Forschung und Industrie demonstriert werden, so sind zugehörige Planungswerkzeuge weniger entwickelt. Um das volle Potenzial digitaler Fertigungsprozesse nutzen zu können, sind daher computerbasierte Methoden erforderlich, welche die flexible Anpassung von Bauteilgeometrien erlauben und eine fertigungsgerechte Planung ermöglichen. Die Modularisierung von Betonstrukturen muss den Anforderungen sowohl von Seiten der Tragfähigkeit wie auch der Fertigung gerecht werden. Planungswerkzeuge müssen diese Komplexität abbilden können. Simulationsbasierte Methoden, welche modularisierte Baustrukturen als komplexes System bauteilspezifischer Wechselwirkungen abbilden, bieten die Möglichkeit, bereits früh die Konsequenzen von Entwurfs‐ und Planungsentscheidungen abschätzen zu können. Dieser Beitrag zeigt einen agentenbasierten Planungsansatz auf, welcher insbesondere die additive Fertigung von Schalungen als Ergänzung bestehender Produktionskonzepte berücksichtigt. Die geometrischen Grundlagen für die simulationsbasierte Zerlegung von Bauteilen werden dargestellt und in einen durchgehenden Planungsprozess integriert.
This paper presents the geometric foundations for an agentbased modeling (ABM) approach to modularize concrete building elements for prefabrication via additive formwork. The method presented extends the functionality of existing planning tools for concrete prefabrication to addresses the manufacturing characteristics of additive formwork production using fused deposition modeling (FDM), and negotiates these with the structural requirements of its underlying building geometry. First, a method to classify building components according to fabrication methods using a probabilistic feature-based Naive Bayes classifier is presented. This classification allows to automatically assign the most suitable production method to every individual building element within a given building model. Following this classification, elements identified for the production using additive formwork are modularized in an automated, agent-based process. The modularization process utilizing a voxel-representation of the initial building element geometry is described in detail. An agentbased method to simulate multiple modularization variants is presented and the integration of feedback from iterative negotiation processes between fabrication expenditures and structural behaviour outlined. The approach presented fosters material-saving construction and production processes in planning and therefore directly addresses crucial issues of the agenda for global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The pursuit for more load‐adapted, individualized, and at the same time precise building geometries is driving innovation in digital fabrication with concrete towards greater formal freedom and higher degrees of prefabrication. This article reviews the opportunities of using three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed formwork in the context of pre‐fabricated concrete construction. It identifies the geometric specificities future planning tools need to address to incorporate the steps of modularization and fabrication into automatized planning processes from design to production. By reviewing the state‐of‐the‐art fabrication methods for nonstandard concrete geometries, we highlight possible applications and challenges for additive formwork and introduce a volumetric modeling approach to modularize surface and mesh‐based 3D design models into solid segments that can form the basis for further formwork planning.
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