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BackgroundFactual data exploring the relationship between obesity and diabetes mellitus prevalence from rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa remain scattered and are unreliable. To address this scarceness, this work reports population study data describing the relationship between the obesity and the diabetes mellitus in the general population of the rural area of Katana (South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo).MethodsA cohort of three thousand, nine hundred, and sixty-two (3962) adults (>15 years old) were followed between 2012 and 2015 (or 4105 person-years during the observation period), and data were collected using the locally adjusted World Health Organization’s (WHO) STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) methodology. The hazard ratio for progression of obesity was calculated. The association between diabetes mellitus and obesity was analyzed with logistic regression.ResultsThe diabetes mellitus prevalence was 2.8 % versus 3.5 % for obese participants and 7.2 % for those with metabolic syndrome, respectively. Within the diabetes group, 26.9 % had above-normal waist circumference and only 9.8 % were obese. During the median follow-up period of 2 years, the incidence of obesity was 535/100,000 person-years. During the follow-up, the prevalence of abdominal obesity significantly increased by 23 % (p <0.0001), whereas the increased prevalence of general obesity (7.8 %) was not significant (p = 0.53). Finally, diabetes mellitus was independently associated with age, waist circumference, and blood pressure but not body mass index.ConclusionThis study confirms an association between diabetes mellitus and abdominal obesity but not with general obesity. On the other hand, the rapid increase in abdominal obesity prevalence in this rural area population within the follow-up period calls for the urgent promoting of preventive lifestyle measures.

IntroductionEn Afrique subsaharienne, les méthodes de diagnostic de la tuberculose sont insuffisantes et reposent essentiellement sur la microscopie. Elles constituent un réel frein pour le contrôle de la tuberculose. La présente étude voudrait évaluer les performances du GeneXpert MTB/RIF vis à vis de la microscopie classique de Ziehl-Neelsen à l’Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu, à l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo après 10 mois d’utilisation.MéthodesLes résultats de la coloration au Ziehl-Neelsen et de la biologie moléculaire sur GeneXpert MTB/RIF de 452 patients suspects de tuberculose ont été colligés. La validité d’un test par rapport à l’autre dans la détection de la tuberculose a été étudiée.RésultatsDans le groupe entier, la fréquence de la tuberculose pulmonaire était de 16.3%. La positivité était significativement plus élevée pour le GeneXpert MTB/RIF que pour le Ziehl-Neelsen dans le groupe entier (15.9% vs 9.3%, p= 0.03) et chez les séropositifs pour le VIH (52.0% vs 24.0%; p = 0.007). Cependant, la sensibilité de GeneXpert MTB/RIF comparé au Ziehl-Neelsen n’était pas maximale (95.2%). Enfin, GeneXpert MTB/RIF a détecté 20.8% de résistance à la rifampicine.ConclusionLa présente étude confirme la supériorité de GeneXpert MTB/RIF sur la coloration de Ziehl-Neelsen dans la détection de la tuberculose et dans la prédiction de la multi résistance. Son utilisation systématique couplée au Ziehl-Neelsen permettrait de mieux contrôler la tuberculose en Afrique subSaharienne.

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BACKGROUND Measuring glycaemic response to foods enables selecting the most appropriate in diabetes management. OBJECTIVE To determine the glycaemic and insulin response of three selected Ugandan meals in persons with type 2 diabetes namely: Katogo, Bushera and Chai-no-Mugati. METHODS Six type 2 diabetes and six matched healthy control participants were studied. On the day of testing, an indwelling sampling catheter was inserted in an antecubital vein from which blood samples were collected to assay for c-peptide and plasma glucose. Plasma glucose samples were obtained at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min following consumption of foods. C-peptide samples were collected at 0 and 120 minutes. Participants reported every three days and consecutively consumed the Katogo, Bushera and Chai-no-Mugati as breakfast. Glucose response curves were plotted and Insulin response calculated as difference between fasting and 120 minutes post meal. RESULTS Glycaemic response was highest in Katogo (107.3%), then Bushera (71.9%) and lowest in Chai-no-Mugati (89.4%) (p < 0.001). Similarly, insulin response was highest in Katogo, but least in Bushera. CONCLUSION Katogo elicited the highest glycaemic response, Bushera elicited the lowest; and Chai-no-Mugati was intermediate. The Katogo used in this study is associated with high insulin response and unfavourably high glycaemic response.