Land subsidence, caused by longwall mining, has a negative effect on overlying watersheds. Nine streams were monitored from their headwaters to their mouths for discharge, temperature, conductivity, alluvium thickness, and alluvium sediment size. Seven streams are located over undermined longwall panels, with two located over non-undermined areas. Discharge data shows that non-undermined watersheds do not experience stream dewatering, regardless of alluvium thickness or sediment size. Streams located over active or recently mined longwall panels experience water loss that ranges from slight to total. Impacted streams with overall increases in conductivity and decreases in water temperature suggest that lost streamflow travels as underflow, mixing with more conductive, cooler ground water. A thin alluvial cover and poor sorting of streambed sediments appear to prolong stream dewatering. The excavation of stream channels did not remedy dewatering impacts, but returns a positive drainage gradient to the stream channel. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My deepest thanks and gratitude are extended to all who have made this project possible. I would especially like to thank Dr. Henry Rauch for the countless hours spent in his office and for the guidance and tutelage that he has shown throughout the entire project; Dr. Steve Kite for his help, suggestions and support; Dr. John Renton for his time and suggestions; and Mr. Ron Evaldi for his technical suggestions and time. I would also like to thank Mine Z coal company personnel for their help, suggestions, time, and partial funding for this project. Thanks is extended to the construction company that manufactured the weirs used in this project and also to the private land owners who supplied me with information, stories, and permission to "walk around in their creek". Dr. Shumaker provided me with some well needed funding for this project, and for that I am grateful. Last but not least, I want to thank my family and friends for their constant encouragement and support. Special thanks are given to my parents, Donald and Barbara, and brother, Mike. I also had free help with my fieldwork from my friends, Peter Fahringer and Tanner Sattler, and my fiancée, Kelly. If it weren't for their help, I would probably still be conducting field work. iv
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.