A two-year pilot study involving the pre-art and proto-artistic behavior of high functioning animals was conducted. Focusing upon apes, elephants and dolphins, art activities were facilitated by both the author or through trainers in various zoological institutions around the country. Through first-hand practice and field observation, the author attempted to gauge both therapeutic and aesthetic responses to art media, as well as study artistic development in these animals.
Treatment and diagnosis for the pediatric form of bipolar disorder presents a clinical challenge given the differences from its adult counterpart and the various comorbid forms that complicate presentation and developmental course. This article discusses manifestations of early onset bipolar disorder and offers a method for implementing art therapy interventions based on a study of 184 sessions with 16 children over the course of 2-1/2 years. Four case vignettes are presented, representative of 16 cases of children ages 9 to 15 who received 32 trials of the art therapy intervention. Clinical assessment, intervention, and artistic/behavioral outcomes are analyzed accordingly, mainly within the psychodynamic and object relations approaches to art therapy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.