It has become accepted dogma among whites in the United States that race is no longer a central factor determining the life chances of Americans. In this article, the authors counter this myth by describing how the ideology of color-blind racism works to defend and justify the contemporary racial order. The authors illustrate three basic frames of this ideology, namely, abstract liberalism, cultural racism, and minimization of racism. The authors then examine research that has empirically shown the effects of color-blind racism on whites' reactions to Hurricane Katrina, among whites who have adopted children of color, and in America's elite law schools. Finally, the authors examine how the election of Barack Obama is not an example of America becoming a "post-racial" country but reflects color-blind racism. The authors argue that the Obama phenomenon as a cultural symbol and his political stance and persona on race are compatible with color-blind racism. The authors conclude with the prognosis that, under the Obama administration, the tentacles of color-blind racism will reach even deeper into the crevices of the American polity. is a PhD candidate in sociology at Duke University. His areas of interest are racial and ethnic relations, social movements, immigration, social stratification, sociological theory, and sociology of law. His recent research includes examinations of racism in the popular debate over illegal immigration, race in online virtual worlds, and an examination of anti-affirmative action protests on college campuses. His dissertation is titled "Rebellious Conservatives: A Study of Conservative Social Movements."
In 1971 Thomas Schelling outlined a model in which group segregation emerged out of the residential decisions of individual agents who were guided by relatively weak preferences for same-group contact, preferences that on first consideration appeared to be compatible with integration (Schelling, 1971). This agent-based model has proven to be an important tool in the study of segregation dynamics and the role of individual preferences in producing patterns of segregation. Rigorous formal studies (Young, 1998;Zhang, 2004a) have examined the underpinnings of important theoretical insights obtained from the model. An even larger number of empirical studies have explored the role of selected model parameters. Schelling initiated this line of research by examining several variations on his initial model. Subsequent work by others has explored different aspects of the model in more detail. For example, later studies have focused on varying implementations of agent vision (Laurie and Jaggi, 2003), refining decision rules that agents use when choosing their residential location on the basis of their neighbors (Pancs and Vriend, 2003; Sander et al, 2000), introducing competing residential preferences (Wasserman and Yohe, 2001), using unbounded torus landscapes
Video games are an enormous segment of popular media today, comparable to television and movies. Moreover, video games represent a new form of media distinguished from previous forms due to the interactive element, where game players have the ability to change and influence the game world. This paper contributes to the study of race and popular media by examining how race is presented in role‐playing video games through the feature of avatar creation. Capabilities for avatar creation are analyzed in over sixty massively multiplayer online role‐playing games (MMORPGs) in service as of early 2010 and twenty offline role‐playing games (RPGs) published over the past 10 years. The analysis shows that the vast majority of games, both online and offline, do not allow for the creation of avatars with a non‐white racial appearance. Forcing an Anglo appearance on avatars that purport to represent the player has the potential to reinforce a sense of normative whiteness as well as shape the social composition of online worlds into all‐white virtual spaces, contributing to the creation of a virtual “white habitus.”
Psychological effects that result from childhood parent loss by death are of substantial clinical and research importance. Parent loss has been linked with various psychopathology, though little is known of its effects on subsequent psychological health (a) as a function of the child's sex; (b) in normal individuals; (c) where early parent separation also has occurred. This study provides data on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐168 (MMPI‐168) that address these issues. Ss were normals (16 males and 16 females per group) divided into three groups: Early bereaved (up to age 7), late bereaved (ages 12 to 18), and nonbereaved. In 50% of the bereaved individuals, two or more MMPI‐168 clinical scales were pathologically abnormal compared with 28% of controls. Significant parent loss by child's sex interaction effects were obtained on Psychopathic Deviate, Masculinity‐Femininity, Psychasthenia, and Schizophrenia scales. A significant effect was found for early parent separation on the Schizophrenia scale.
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