Abstract. The electricity supply of developing countries undergoes massive changes. Due to the high dependency on fossil fuel imports, a lot of developing nations support the implementation of renewable generation schemes. To install an economical generation setup the generation capacity, as well as the consumption has to be balanced. Due to the often weak electricity infrastructure like the non-availability of a grid connection the systems have to operate most likely in the standalone mode. Therefore, it is important to predict the consumption patterns of the supplied society. A program to create easily synthesized load profiles for a target community, by collecting simple information about the connected consumers and operation times, is proposed to help within the design process of a power system.
Abstract. The so called German electrical "Energiewende" is mainly based on the installation of solar photovoltaic and wind energy converters as the main new renewable European generation resources. The third renewable energy resource, the hydropower has been already developed within the last decades and grew not significantly in the last years. Since some years the development of smaller hydrokinetic turbines increased. The smaller size of some hydrokinetic turbines enables new, unused sites to be harnessed in smaller rivers. The paper deals with the key specifications of hydrokinetic turbines and their influence on a villages' energy supply. It introduces the concept of a turbine with variable immersion depths to exploit also locations with a varying water level. Based on historical hydrological data a propeller and oscillating hydrofoil type of hydrokinetic turbine are compared, it was found that the variable immersion depths increases the energy harvest. Furthermore, it is shown that in a generation portfolio of hydrokinetic and solar power plants an average Luxembourgish household theoretically renewable supplied has to exchange less energy with the power grid, the higher its share of hydrokinetic generation is.
Abstract. This paper focusses on the application of modified solar-thermal water-preheating systems used during the cooking process in large institutions in rural India. The goal is to reduce the fuel consumption. As a second step a concept is presented to promote the solution among wider group of people by providing a webpage to calculate the cost benefit analysis for potential users online. The presented solar thermal system was installed in cooperation with regional partners and "Engineers Without Borders India" in 2012 in Adoni in central Andhra Pradesh after a project site exploration in 2011. The system is still in operation and delivers hot water.
Currently, the majority of countries tries to reduce their dependency on fossil fuels by the introduction of renewable resources in their energy systems. In the following the relatively small Luxembourgish electricity system is analysed (0.55 Mio Inhabitants). Current power-system-models mainly focus on larger systems, due to the unavailability of specific consumptiondata. Prices and effects on the Luxembourgish power system of different supply scenarios for rural-private households are analysed. A linear optimisation for the minimum-cost of the power-supply of a village with the following renewable energy resources: wind-(max.100kW), solar-PV-and hydrokinetic-power is made. The electricity-demand scales with the number of inhabitants and agricultural-consumers. The wind-power-potential differs with the location of the village. The solar-radiation is assumed to be the equal over the country, due to the small size of approximately 80 by 50 km. The hydrokinetic turbines complete the supply where a village is located close to a river. The minimum cost of the specific village power-supply is the result of the optimization. The installation-and maintenance-cost of each renewable technology are considered. The whole number of a rural Luxembourgish model villages private households is considered and their electricity contribution to the system is estimated for different renewable energy supply scenarios, namely from 20% to 100% renewable-energy-scenarios. For each scenario the power exchanged from the village to the grid is calculated in 15-min-steps for 9-years, the amount differs widely with the number of applied generation technologies. Due to the high share of imported electricity of about 80% in the recent years, every consideration of national power generation does not harm the supply security. Luxembourg is a good model country to analyse the high share of distributed, renewable generators, due to its structure of rural and civic regions and their effects on a central European region with a high electricity-consumption.
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