Debido al notable incremento de construcciones de naves industriales en Ecuador, es necesario realizar un análisis técnico-económico para conocer la incidencia del costo de materiales sobre ellas. Para ello, se elaboró una muestra de 40 naves, fijando relación entre luz libre (L), altura del pórtico (H) y distancia entre pórticos (B), con el propósito de determinar una métrica. Para este estudio se estableció el peso de la estructura en kg/m². Con los resultados se aplicó un modelo matemático (interpolación de Lagrange), se obtuvo un polinomio que describe el modelo de cada grupo de naves y su representación gráfica, por consiguiente, se determinó una aproximación del peso de estructuras. Las métricas que se hallaron tienen una repercusión directa en el costo de los materiales de las estructuras, estas se obtuvieron al multiplicarlas por el costo del kg de acero. Se realizó una comprobación con una muestra de 6 naves, en las se halló el peso utilizando el diseño por factores de carga y resistencia y luego con el polinomio; obteniéndose un error: para naves moduladas a 5 m una media de 0,03 % con una desviación de 0,03 y para naves moduladas a 6 m, una media de 0,07 % con una desviación de 0,03
Structural engineers commonly design superstructures as fixed at the base and transmit the reactions to the infrastructure in order to design the foundation system and estimate the displacement of the soil while disregarding the change in seismic response that this induces. In this article, the foundation system was transformed into equivalent springs, and the seismic response in the linear range was compared and quantified, obtaining results such as increased periods, increased amounts of steel reinforcement in beams (between 7% and 25%) and columns (between 29% and 39%), an increase in the number of stirrups per linear meter (between 3% and 11% in columns and between 5% and 45% in beams) and drifts (between 1% and 14%), and a decrease in basal shear (up to 20%), which directly affects the design of the structure. This study concludes that the inclusion of the soil-structure interaction is necessary for structural design in the linear range.
The development and innovation of Science, specifically in the branch of construction in Civil engineering, has led the implementation of new alternatives in analysis, design and construction of industrial buildings. For this reason, in this research it was proposed to carry out a study of structural behavior of two types of self-supporting roofs: flat and circular, which were analyzed using computational tools for simulation through finite elements, in which initially the structure made up of columns, beams and steel sheets was completely modeled with an equivalent cross section, which made up the self-supporting roofs; then only the steel sheets with real cross section were discretized, and it was noted that in the extremes were the greatest stresses generated by the application of horizontal and vertical loads; and the maximum displacement of the circular roof was 14.32 % of the flat one.
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