Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second most important food crop after maize in Tanzania. It faces many challenges like diseases, pests and physical damages, which reduce the seed quality. This article identified microorganisms and the district where they occurred. 13 fungal species comprising of 11 pathogenic and 2 saprophytic fungi were detected and the incidence level varied among sample. Mvomero District showed the highest incidence recorded (64.5%) for sample collected from Hembeti and Dakawa/Msufini villages. In Kilombero, the fungal specie which detected highest incidence was Fusarium equiseti (31%) followed by Fusarium moniliforme (28.5%). Verticillium cinnabarinum and Curvularia inaequalis had the least incidence of 1 and 1%, respectively. The study recommends that before planting season, seeds should be tested to minimize spread of fungal species.
Despite increasing cocoa farms in Liberia, farmers still producing cocoa below expected. Our assessment the influences causing the adoption of cocoa farm rehabilitation techniques in Bong, Lofa, and Nimba countries. Data was collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, and logistic regression. The result revealed that farmers were old with a mean age of 50 years; 54.7 % have been into cocoa production for at least twenty-five years, while 75.3 % of the cocoa farms more than twenty-five years ago. The correlation coefficient showed that farm size and years of farming experience were significant factors affecting the adoption of cocoa farm rehabilitation techniques. In addition, the source of finance and availability of information were essential factors that determine the probability of adoption. Results show that cocoa rehabilitation has resulted in more pods per tree but a lower cocoa production for 2021. Regardless, cocoa rehabilitation has resulted in significant increases in the value of cocoa sales for the years 2021, 2020, and 2019 and has not (yet) translated into changes in food security or the estimated value of household assets. The absence of relevant farmers' and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in providing workshops, credit facilities, and input delivery systems and adopting proven technologies have reduced cocoa production.
Biomaterial development is a field of study that has been around for more than 50 years. Biomaterial science is the study of biomaterials. Over time, it has become more and more popular as a scientific field. Many companies are spending a lot of money to make new products, and this has made it more popular. Biomaterials are widely used in most of the sciences for implants and must have certain properties of improving the life quality of the host. There are four classes, (composites, metals, ceramics and polymers) which are used singly or in combination, to make up the majority of implantation devices on the market today. Henceforth, researchers can cite and reference our work in feature if they find it useful.
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