This article presents an ethnographic study of Bosnian humour during the siege of Sarajevo. The siege of Sarajevo, which followed the collapse of Yugoslavia, lasted four years. Despite the atrocities and war crimes committed against the residents of Sarajevo during this period, they are known for the spirit they demonstrated, and humour was a crucial element of this spirit. On the basis of two-month fieldwork in Sarajevo, I demonstrate how Bosnians employed humour to comment on this traumatic event, made sense of it, and coped with the experience. Although humour under extreme conditions is mainly viewed as a coping mechanism, by exploring the origins of Bosnian humour and stereotypes about Bosnians, I demonstrate that a notable humorous response to the traumatic events of the 1990s was more than a coping mechanism or just a response to this particular war. As I argue, a humorous attitude toward life in Bosnia belongs to people’s identity; it has developed historically as a response to the sufferings of a peripheral group in the region and, as a result, has become a cultural artifact belonging to Bosnians’ ethnic consciousness. In their attempt to preserve a sense of normalcy and restore dignity during the siege, Sarajevans continued to engage in their traditional humour, as doing otherwise would mean they had lost control over who they were.
The functional state of the central nervous system was determined by the method of variational chronoreflexometry. The calculated criteria for assessing the functional level of the nervous system (FLS, conventional units), the stability of the nervous reaction (SR, conventional units), the level of functional capabilities of the formed functional system (LFC, conventional units) were analyzed. The observation group was made up of medical workers of PCR laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results were processed by the variational-statistical method with the calculation of average values (M), representativeness errors (±m), the reliability of differences was determined by the Student's t-test using applied statistical packages Statistica 6.0. It was found that the functional state of the central nervous system in PCR laboratory workers is characterized by the development of significant fatigue and depletion of the functional reserves of the central nervous system, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the level of the formed functional system (FSL) from 2.40±0.04 to 2.13±0.095 units, the stability of the reaction (SR) to 66.25-74.54%. The ability of the central nervous system to form and maintain an adaptive functional system of adaptation to environmental factors significantly decreased by the end of the shift in the observation group by 43.12%- 48.01%. The identified features of the functional state of the central nervous system and the working capacity of medical workers in PCR laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic will be used for further causation of changes in their health status in difficult working conditions.
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