Sixteen brief sounds (music, vehicle sounds, and artificial sounds) were judged on each of 15 bipolar scales by 20 subjects. Without instructions, subjects use the descriptors “loud” and “noisy” as synonomous. On the other hand, subjects do not equate either loudness or noisiness with acceptability, although there appears to be a moderate relationship when only vehicle or aircraft sounds are rated by subjects. The implications of these findings for instructions in psychoacoustic research are discussed.
As more and more automation is incorporated in aircraft, the essential question becomes one of autonomy: Should the automated system serve as the human pilot's assistant, or vice versa?
A new model and digital simulation program for basilar membrane motion is presented with several improvements over previous models. The model attempts to account for both earlier data (e.g., those of von Békésy) and more recent data [e.g., those of Rhode, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. (to be published)] relative to basilar membrane dynamics. The model consists of a mixed linear and nonlinear part and represents the basilar membrane as a lumped parameter system. The nonlinear scaling factor and time delays were omitted from Flanagan's original model. Travelling-wave envelopes or instantaneous positions may be displayed for any arbitrary signals input to the membrane. The new model also has sharper tuning for single membrane sections and an 8-φ phase lag range. Details of the digital computer programs will be given and a range of applications of the model suggested. [Work supported by the United States Public Health Service, under Grant MH-7809.]
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