Salient vocalizations, especially aggressive voices, are believed to attract attention due to an automatic threat detection system. However, studies assessing the temporal dynamics of auditory spatial attention to aggressive voices are missing. Using event-related potential markers of auditory spatial attention (N2ac and LPCpc), we show that attentional processing of threatening vocal signals is enhanced at two different stages of auditory processing. As early as 200 ms post-stimulus onset, attentional orienting/engagement is enhanced for threatening as compared to happy vocal signals. Subsequently, as early as 400 ms post-stimulus onset, the reorienting of auditory attention to the center of the screen (or disengagement from the target) is enhanced. This latter effect is consistent with the need to optimize perception by balancing the intake of stimulation from left and right auditory space. Our results extend the scope of theories from the visual to the auditory modality by showing that threatening stimuli also bias early spatial attention in the auditory modality. Attentional enhancement was only present in female and not in male participants.

Differential contributions of ventral striatum subregions to the motivational and hedonic components of the affective processing of reward Affective reward processes in the ventral striatum

The authors would like to thank Alain Hugon for his major contribution in the early stages of the design of the pacifier-shaped mouthpiece, Dr. Vanessa Sennwald for her insightful comments on the manuscript, Asli Erdemli for her useful comments on the data acquisition, and Lavinia Wuensch for her work on the data preprocessing. We also thank all the people from the Brain and Behavior Lab as well as from the Perception and Bioresponses Department of the Research and Development Division of Firmenich, SA for their precious advice and their theoretical and technical competence.