Although a substantial body of literature has explored the relationship between sleep and exercise, comprehensive reviews and definitive conclusions about the impact of exercise interventions on sleep are lacking. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 2013 and March 2017. Studies were included if they possessed either objective or subjective measures of sleep and an exercise intervention that followed the guidelines recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine. Thirty-four studies met these inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies concluded that exercise improved sleep quality or duration; however, four found no difference and one reported a negative impact of exercise on sleep. Study results varied most significantly due to participants' age, health status, and the mode and intensity of exercise intervention. Mixed findings were reported for children, adolescents, and young adults. Interventions conducted with middle-aged and elderly adults reported more robust results. In these cases, exercise promoted increased sleep efficiency and duration regardless of the mode and intensity of activity, especially in populations suffering from disease. Our review suggests that sleep and exercise exert substantial positive effects on one another; however, to reach a true consensus, the mechanisms behind these observations must first be elucidated.

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[Purpose] To determine the intra- and inter-rater agreement of a mobile application, PostureScreen Mobile® (PSM), that assesses static standing posture. [Subjects and Methods] Three examiners with different levels of experience of assessing posture, one licensed physical therapist and two untrained undergraduate students, performed repeated postural assessments of 10 subjects, fully clothed or minimally clothed, using PSM on two nonconsecutive days. Anterior and right lateral images were captured and seventeen landmarks were identified on them. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for each of 13 postural measures to evaluate inter-rater agreement on the first visit (fully or minimally clothed), as well as intra-rater agreement between the first and second visits (minimally clothed). [Results] Eleven postural measures were ultimately analyzed for inter- and intra-rater agreement. Inter-rater agreement was almost perfect (ICC≥0.81) for four measures and substantial (0.60

EMTs who worked 24-hour shifts had shorter, more fragmented sleep associated with greater cumulative exposure to increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity as measured via sleep HRV. These changes in cardiac autonomic tone constitute one plausible pathway through which sleep deprivation may increase risk for cardiovascular disease.

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This article analyses the evidence relating to patients' beliefs and adherence to prescribed medication regimens. Between 30% and 50% of patients question the appropriateness and effectiveness of their prescribed medication and often do not comply with their regimens, which means significant amounts of NHS cash is wasted on unused medications. A critical analysis of published literature from several electronic databases and professional journals was undertaken. This showed a strong qualitative relationship between patients' beliefs about their medication and adherence to regimens. Better communication with and involvement of patients in the decision-making process of medication prescribing is significant in reducing misconceptions, improve beliefs and promote adherence to prescribed regimens.

WFI-TM predicts VO2 max with 11% error. There is a tendency to overestimate aerobic capacity in less fit individuals and to underestimate it in more fit individuals leading to a clustering of values around 42ml/kg/min, a criterion used by some fire departments to assess fitness for duty.

BackgroundLaparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for the management of cholecystolithiasis. For the management of choledocholithiasis, a number of options exist. The effectiveness of washing out common bile duct stones with laparoscopic transcystic papillary balloon dilatation (LTPBD) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) as a one-stage procedure was evaluated.MethodsRetrospectively, the files of 63 patients treated with LTPBD in a one-stage procedure undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy between December 1996 and December 2006 were studied.ResultsFifty-three patients were treated successfully in a one-stage procedure, seven patients were treated in two steps with an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) postoperatively, and in three cases a conversion to open surgery was required. The median operation time was 128 min, and the median hospital stay was 4 days. No patients developed postoperative pancreatitis. In one case contrast leakage from the common bile duct was detected. It was the only complication directly related to the LTPBD. There were no postoperative deaths.ConclusionsWe consider the wash out of common bile duct stones after LTPBD in a one-stage procedure to be an easy to do and safe operation with great results. Cooperation with an intervention radiologist and application of an angioplastic dilatation dotter balloon catheter are the keys to success in this procedure. In our hospital, it is the treatment of choice for choledocholithiasis associated with cholelithiasis.