Abstract. Hydrodynamic cavitation in single and multihole orifices was experimentally investigated to assess their hydraulic characteristics: loss coefficients, inception cavitation number, cavitation number for transition to supercavitation. Significant difference for singlehole and multihole orifices was observed in terms of the measured loss coefficient. It is significantly more effective to use multihole orifices, where energy dissipation is much lower.It was found that using scaling factor given by ratio of orifice thickness suggests linear behaviour of both loss coefficient and inception cavitation number. Orifices seem to be convenient choice as flow constriction devices inducing cavitation due to their simplicity.
An experimental research of three types of orifices was carried out in a hydraulic circuit. One-hole orifice and two fractal-shaped orifices (von Koch snowflake, Apollonian gasket) were tested. Fractalshaped orifices had lower pressure loss in non-cavitating regime. For cavitating conditions, von Koch snowflake orifice maintained the reduced pressure loss, while pressure loss curve within Apollonian gasket orifice gradually aligned with that of one-hole orifice. Dynamics of the cavitating flow behind the orifices featured distinct peak for one-hole orifice connected with shedding of one strong coherent vortical structure, while pressure amplitudes for fractal-shaped orifices (especially von Koch snowflake orifice) were significantly lower. This conclusion is attributed to multiscale behavior of the flow behind the fractal-shaped orifices.
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