Quality function deployment (QFD) is a system for translating customer requirements (government regulations, operating conditions and buyer expectations) into suitable technical characteristics and ensuring that important ones are prioritized in the design. The method has been successfully applied in the manufacturing sector; however, its benefits have not yet been fully realized in construction. The House of Quality (HoQ), the most common 'tool' in QFD, has been used to identify and analyse customer requirements for a new children's nursery. A focus group was formed to gather these and a comparison made between an existing nursery and two competitors to ensure that the new build was designed to be at least as good as its competition. The results showed that QFD could be applied in construction projects as a tool for considering the most important customer requirements from the outset, with favourable indicators of project success (on-time delivery and customer satisfaction). In addition, the case study company considered it to be an innovative approach and has used the results in its designs.Case study, quality function deployment, total quality management,

The use of improvement tools in manufacturing industry has proven to be an important aspect of continuous improvement activities. To determine whether the same is true in the UK construction industry, a survey was conducted to assess the current level of use and perceived importance of such tools. In addition, the impact of the ISO 9001 quality system on the level of use and perceived importance of these tools was also investigated. Following a comprehensive literature review, more than thirty improvement tools were identified and categorized using affinity diagrams. Factor analysis was used to demonstrate that the proposed classification was valid. The results of the survey showed that, in terms of use, quality control, performance measures and technology tools are common practice in the industry. A similar set of tools/techniques was perceived as highly important except that technology and performance measures were interchanged. When comparing the mean use and mean perceived importance for each group of techniques, significant differences were found in tools that help to gather customer needs, those aimed at programming and those used for measuring performance. In terms of the ISO 9001 standard, it was found that certified companies make more use of and place higher levels of importance on most of the groups of tools studied than those not certified. The conclusions from the survey will help to develop a framework for suggesting which tools to use at each stage of a construction project.Improvement tools, total quality management (TQM), survey, construction projects,

Dams' safety is highly important for authorities around the world. The impacts of a dam failure can be enormous. Models for investigating dam safety are required for helping decision-makers to mitigate the possible adverse consequences of flooding. A model for earth dam safety must specify clearly possible contributing factors, failure modes and potential consequences of dam failure. Probabilistic relations between variables should also be specified. Bayesian networks (BNs) have been identified as tools that would assist dam engineers on assessing risks. BNs are graphical models that facilitate the construction of a joint probability distribution. Most of the time, the variables included in a model for earth dam risk assessment involve continuous quantities. The presence of continuous random variables makes the implementation of discrete BNs difficult. An alternative to discrete BNs is the use of non-parametric continuous BNs, which will be briefly described in this article. As an example, a model for earth dams' safety in the State of Mexico will be discussed. Results regarding the quantification of conditional rank correlations through ratios of unconditional rank correlations have not been presented before and are introduced herein. While the complete application of the model for the State of Mexico is presented in an accompanying paper, here some results regarding model use are shown for demonstration purposes. The methods presented in this article can be applied for investigating risks of failure of civil infrastructures other than earth dams.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to summarize the main methods and themes used on organizational learning (OL) and learning organization (LO) research in Latin American and the Caribbean. Design/methodology/approach A literature review was conducted by means of a broad and systematic strategy to locating, selecting and analyzing papers on OL/LO, written in different languages (English, Portuguese and Spanish). Systematic searches were carried out at the two databases (Web of Science’s Social Sciences Citation Index and Scopus), and 15 specific Latin American and Caribbean journals were identified as data sources for the review. A thematic analysis was carried out using NVivo and cluster analysis. Findings In all 79 papers published between 2000 and 2017 were included in the synthesis and results: 18 are theoretical papers and literature reviews and 61 are empirical papers (30 qualitative, 24 quantitative and 7 multiple methods). These empirical papers revealed the study of the OL/LO concepts in organizations located mainly in Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Mexico and Costa Rica. Five topics represent the main themes addressed on OL/LO studies in Latin America and the Caribbean and are avenues for future research in the field: (i) knowledge and KM (i.e. knowledge management), (ii) culture and leadership, (iii) innovation and improvement, (iv) learning (for example, learning process, learning styles), and (v) entrepreneurship and sustainability. Originality/value This paper provides a summary of the research methods and themes used in the OL/LO field in Latin America and the Caribbean, suggesting insights for future research.