The purpose of this study was to explore the factor structure and assess the reliability of the Health Behavior , and to assess its relationships with several measures of masculine gender socialization constructs and attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Three hundred and 23 college men were recruited from two public universities to respond to an online survey, which used (a) a demographic questionnaire, (b) the HBI-20, (c) the Male Role Norms Inventory-Revised, (d) the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory, (e) the Gender Role Conflict Scale, and (f) the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale. Exploratory factor analysis of the HBI-20 suggested five factors. Evidence was found for the reliability and concurrent validity of the HBI-20. Findings indicated that the relationship between health behavior and masculine gender socialization varies according to specific dimension of health behavior and the specific masculine gender socialization construct. It seems from these data and prior research that some facets of masculinity are associated with health protective factors, whereas others are associated with health risk factors. Limitations and recommendations for future use and research are discussed.

This study was designed to replicate the study of Levant, Wimer, and Williams (2011), which reported complex relationships between masculinity and health behaviors using a more diverse sample and updated measures. A sample of 589 college and community-dwelling men responded to an online survey consisting of five scales. Levant et al.’s (2011) study was partially replicated—some masculinity constructs were identified as protective buffers for some health behaviors and others as risk factors. The vast majority of the findings that were replicated were risk factors, suggesting that traditional masculinity is more of risk than a buffer, and occurred in the analyses involving Avoiding Anger and Stress and Avoiding Substance Use subscales, suggesting that these health behaviors are most closely associated with masculinity. The results are discussed in terms of limitations, suggestions for future research, and implications for health care practice.

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Helicopter parenting, an observed phenomenon on college campuses, may adversely affect college students. The authors examined how helicopter parenting is related to self-efficacy and peer relationships among 190 undergraduate students ages 16 to 28 years. Helicopter parenting was associated with low self-efficacy, alienation from peers, and a lack of trust among peers. Implications are provided for counselors and psychologists in college-and university-based counseling centers to help them to understand and provide assessment and treatment for adult children of helicopter parents.