Purpose There has been a continued efort to better understand the role Kaplan iber injury plays in persistent instability following ACL tears. However, the prevalence of these injuries remains poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to deine the prevalence of Kaplan iber injury in the setting of complete anterior cruciate ligament tear using a commonly used grading system for assessing ligament injuries. The inter-rater reliability of this commonly used grading system and the relationship between Kaplan iber injury and injury to other structures commonly found in conjunction with ACL tears was also evaluated. Methods All isolated, complete anterior cruciate ligament tears conirmed on magnetic resonance imaging within 90 days of injury between 2014 and 2020 at a single institution were included for analysis. Each scan was read by two, fellowshiptrained musculoskeletal radiologists. Kaplan iber injury was evaluated using a previously described grading scheme. Kappa, , of inter-rater agreement was determined for all magnetic resonance image scans. Kruskal Wallis test was performed to assess for associations between Kaplan iber injury and magnet strength (1.5 T vs. 3.0 T), patient gender, the presence of medial and/or lateral meniscal tears, and/or posterolateral tibial bone bruise. Results Between 2014 and 2020, 131 patients (94 males, 37 females) with a complete anterior cruciate ligament tear were included in the inal analysis. The mean age of the cohort was 27.8 ± 6.8 years. Kaplan iber injuries were identiied in 51 of 131 (38.9%, CI 31.0-47.5%) scans with complete anterior cruciate ligament injuries (Grade 1: 28, Grade 2: 18, and Grade 3: 5). Inter-rater agreement for Kaplan iber injury was fair ( = 0.3) with 43 (32.8%) scans requiring third reviewer adjudication. There were no signiicant associations between Kaplan iber injury and gender, magnet strength, meniscal tears, or posterolateral tibial bone bruise.
ConclusionThe prevalence of Kaplan iber injuries was comparable to previously described rates; however, the classiication system used to report Kaplan iber injury was associated with low inter-rater reliability. The presence of Kaplan iber injury was not associated with other injuries commonly observed in conjunction with ACL tear. The previously proposed Kaplan iber injury classiication system is not reproducible nor is it likely to aid surgeons in distinguishing higher grades of rotatory knee instability. Level of evidence Level IV.
The single-image coronal method is the least accurate, with an error of approximately 13 mm. The axial, multiimage coronal, and single-image sagittal methods underestimate renal size by approximately 6-8 mm. Multiimage sagittal is the most accurate method for measuring kidneys with an error of approximately 3 mm.
Proximal long head biceps tendon (LHBT) pathology is a common and well-recognized cause of anterior shoulder pain.1–4 Various surgical procedures have been developed to address LHBT pathology. Postoperative imaging can be confusing if the radiologist is not aware of the various surgical techniques. An astute radiologist may be the first to identify a postoperative complication. An understanding of the LHBT anatomy, surgical indications, surgical procedures, and both normal and abnormal postoperative imaging appearance will enhance the radiologist's accuracy in imaging interpretation and interactions with referring providers.
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